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DEPRESSANTS

DEPRESSANTS. Tranquilizers , sedatives , hypnotics . Relax the CNS. Interfere with nerve impulse transmission . Slow down activity of brain , heart . Reduce breathing rate and emotional response. At high doses – Sleep Extremely high doses - Death. Depressants.

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DEPRESSANTS

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  1. DEPRESSANTS

  2. Tranquilizers, sedatives, hypnotics. • Relax the CNS. • Interferewithnerveimpulse transmission. • Slowdownactivity of brain, heart. • Reduce breathingrate and emotional response. • At high doses – Sleep • Extremelyhigh doses - Death Depressants

  3. Alcohol, valium (diazepam), librium. • Reduce nervoustension, anxiety. Tranquilizers

  4. eg. Barbituarates (a class of drugsthat are depressants) • Soothing of distress. • Withoutsleep. • Tranquilizers are milderthansedatives. Sedatives

  5. Produce sleep. • Chloralhydrate. • Phenobarbitol. Hypnotics

  6. Normal • Relief of anxiety • Disinhibition • Sedation • Hypnosis (sleep) • General anaesthetic • Coma • DEATH Increasingthedose of depressants

  7. Fat soluble • Penetratescell, tissuesmembranes • Easily absorbed • Mildintoxication (euphoria) • Sillybehaviour • Neurologicalproblems (slurredspeach, staggering) • Aggressivebehaviour • Coma • Death • Alcoholism Ethanol

  8. Antiseptic • Mouthwash Alcohol-Other uses

  9. Social Physiological • Pleasetake notes using page 416. • Short term • Long term • Synergistic (whencombinationis more harmfulthaneitherdrug) • Pleasetake notes frompages 416, 417. Effects of alcohol

  10. Mass in grams of alcohol per 100 cubiccentimetres of blood. • Sometimeslisted as a percentage. • Alcohol in blood in equilibriumwith alcohol vapour in lungs • Thereforea breathalyser test can be used Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)

  11. A redoxreaction • Potassiumdichromateisoxidisingagent. • Oxidises alcohol toethanoicacid. • Orange Cr(VI) togreen Cr (III). • Transfer of electrons produces emf. Breathalyser Test

  12. Componentsmovethroughcolumn at differentspeeds. • Detected and analysed. • See page 418 for notes. Gas LiquidChromatography

  13. IR energyvibratesmolecules • Eachmoleculeabsorbsdifferentrange of radiation. • Eg OH bond is at characteristicwavelength. • See page 418 for notes. Infra-Red Spectroscopy

  14. Worldsmostprescribeddrug • Sedative • Relieves anxiety, tension • Inhibitsnervetransmissionbyinteractingwithinhibitors Valium

  15. Common sleeping pill • Alsousedto control seizures and infantilespasms • Phenylgroup, fusedbenzene ring, with a 7 memberedheterocyclic ring, secondary amine • Compare tovalium Nitrazepam (mogadon)

  16. Anti-depressant • Increasesactivity of seratonin (a neurotransmitter) • Contains amine group Prozac

  17. 7, 8 and 9 on page 435. Questions

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