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Afghanistan Today

Afghanistan Today. By Umais Rao, Lee Moore, Jake Luikart. Practiced Religions. Islam - 99% Sunni - 90% Shi'tes - 9% Other Minorities - 1% Christianity Buddhism Hindism Sikhism Zoroastrians. Islamic Influence. Afghanis devote themselves to religion Unifying symbol

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Afghanistan Today

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  1. Afghanistan Today By Umais Rao, Lee Moore, Jake Luikart

  2. Practiced Religions • Islam - 99% • Sunni - 90% • Shi'tes - 9% • Other Minorities - 1% • Christianity • Buddhism • Hindism • Sikhism • Zoroastrians

  3. Islamic Influence • Afghanis devote themselves to religion • Unifying symbol • Regulates daily life • Religious credential hold a great deal of value

  4. Islamic Clothing • Varies by each province • Men generally wear turban or a pakol along with loose clothes. • Women cover their head using a hijab, burka, or abaya. • More prominent in rural areas • Large cities are more westernized

  5. Mosques • Muslim place of worship • Found in every village, town, neighborhood. • Supervised by Mullahs • Also a place for communal gatherings • Islamic education • Funded by the community • different for Sunnis and Shi'a muslims

  6. Mullah • Incharge of mosques • Appointed by the goverment • Respected in society • Religious education • people come to them for advice

  7. Taliban • Muslim fundamentalist group • Strict anti- modern ideology • Pan-islamism • Political movement advocating the unity of muslims under one islamic state • Jihad • means to struggle • taliban's interpretation is "Struggle against non-muslims" • In order to reach a Pan-Islamic state, the taliban declared jihad on all non-muslims.

  8. Family Life in Afghanistan • Watash is a word meaning referring to a band of brothers or a family. • Family, friends, and honor are major parts of Afghan life.

  9. Family Life, Cont. • Family bonds and honor are sacred • Respect is largely based on age for both sexes. • Mast and nan are traditional foods. • Men’s clothing traditionally consists of a buttoned shirt and loose-fitting pants with a skullcap or a turban • Women’s clothing consists of a burqa- a fabric covering every part of one’s body.

  10. Role of Women in Afghanistan • Afghan life is centered around the patriarchy. • While women can hold a position of power in their family, they have little power in the government. • FawziaKoofi is the most prominent figure in Afghan government, acting as the Vice President of the National Assembly. • NoorziaAtmar also worked in the government, but was forced to leave the country in 2014. • Both women are constantly bombarded with death threats by the Taliban and other extremist groups.

  11. Role of Women in Afghanistan • While a large part of the Afghan government is trying to make life for women better, corrupt and biased politicians are slowing their efforts. • As of now in Afghanistan, a woman can be imprisoned if*: • She is accused of engaging in intercourse with someone other than her husband (even if it was nonconsensual) • She engages in intercourse before being married • Violating the unspoken norms of society • Running away from their husband, even if the relationship could be categorized as abusive • This year, a law passed in Afghanistan stating that what happens in a house is the family’s business, not the governments. This law is an unspoken way of permitting domestic violence. *cases of all of these events have been documented, but are not necessarily law.

  12. Education in Afghanistan • Public education for all was common in the 1960s and 1970s, but in 1996 (when the Taliban took over), women were no longer able to attend public school. • Men were allowed to attend school and college throughout this entire period. • Now, integrated schools are being built throughout Afghanistan. • Taliban threats continue to this day against females who attend school and schools that allow females to learn.

  13. Politics of Afghanistan

  14. Key Political Events • 2001 – US and other NATO allies invade Afghanistan in response to the 9/11 world trade center attacks. They successfully force the Taliban out of power. • 2001 – The Bonn Agreement establishes an Afghan Intern Authority to be led by Hamid Karzai. • 2002- Bonn Agreement expires calling for an Emergency Loya Jirga or “Grand Council” which establishes Karzai as interim President of the Afghan Transitional Authority. • 2004 – Constitution drafted by a commission appointed by Karzai is approved by the Loya Jirga.

  15. Government Structure • Executive Branch – Strongest branch composed of one president and two vice-presidents • Legislative Branch – made up of two houses • Wolesi Jirga (House of the People) – 249 members • Meshrano Jirga (House of Elders) – 102 members • Judicial Branch – Composed of The Supreme Court as the highest level of judicial authority with lower courts underneath.

  16. Key Political Events cont. • 2004 – Hamid Karzai is declared winner of the presidential election. • 2005- First Parliamentary elections occur in the past 30 years. Women win 28% of the seats. • 2009 – Karzai wins a second term, but the election faced low voter turnout and corruption. • 2014 – Preliminary results show Abdullah Abdullah in the lead to become the next president.

  17. Current Situation in Afghanistan

  18. US in Afghanistan

  19. Forces Working Towards Peace • The international community and many Afghans do not want to see a repeat of the 90s. • The US is more stable than the Soviet Union was and is more likely to continue supporting the Afghan Government. • Stability in the area is good for everyone.

  20. Discussion • What will the future hold for Afghanistan?

  21. Trivia

  22. What does Watash mean? • Watash means a brotherhood like bond between family members.

  23. Name one thing that Afghan men wear today. • Men’s clothing traditionally consists of a buttoned shirt and loose-fitting pants with a skullcap or a turban

  24. Name one of the two female politicians mentioned in this presentation. • Fawzia Koofi and Noorzia Atmar

  25. When were females no longer permitted to learn in a school? • When the Taliban took over in 1996

  26. Who was the first elected president of Afghanistan after the Taliban were removed from power? • Hamid Karzai

  27. What years have the presidential elections taken place after the Taliban was removed from power? • 2004, 2009, 2014

  28. What is the traditional name of the Grand Council? • Loya Jirga

  29. Who won the preliminary results of the 2014 presidential election? • Abdullah Abdullah

  30. Name three minority religions in Afghanistan. • Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism, Zoroastrianism.

  31. How are mosques used other than for worship? • Community and social gatherings, Islamic education.

  32. What roles do Mullahs play in society? • In charge of running Mosques • Religious education • Source of advice and comfort to those who practice Islam.

  33. What is Pan-Islamism? • Pan-Islamism • Political movement advocating the unity of muslims under one Islamic state

  34. What does Jihad mean? • Literal meaning- “to struggle” • The Taliban’s interpretation is “struggle against non-muslims.

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