CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

1. 1 CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

2. 2 WARM UP (15 minutes) Line up around the room. You need to place yourself in order of your birthdays, but you cannot speak to one another. Class is organized into groups according to birthday. How else could the class have been divided into groups? Why might you want to group or classify objects?

3. 3 Who Needs a Classification System? Think about Halloween candy… On Halloween night, after returning from trick or treating, what do you and your friends do? Do you poor our your candy on the floor and separate the candy into piles based on how the candy items are the same, and how they are different? Chocolate goes in 1 pile, smartees into another, etc. Then do you further separate the chocolates into Twix, Snickers, etc? Scientists do the same thing with organizing organisms.Think about Halloween candy… On Halloween night, after returning from trick or treating, what do you and your friends do? Do you poor our your candy on the floor and separate the candy into piles based on how the candy items are the same, and how they are different? Chocolate goes in 1 pile, smartees into another, etc. Then do you further separate the chocolates into Twix, Snickers, etc? Scientists do the same thing with organizing organisms.

4. 4 Why do Scientists Classify? Did you know that there are almost 2 million kinds of organisms on Earth? How could we possibly keep them all straight or study them without some form of organization?

5. 5 CLASSIFICATION

6. 6 Who first developed a system to classify organisms?

7. 7 The Modern Classification System

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9. 9 How Living Things Are Classified? Organisms are ranked in a “Taxa” according to their characteristics. Taxa is a further broken-down level of classification found within each kingdom according to similarities. The broader the Taxa the more general its characteristics & the more species it contains.

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12. 12 CLASSIFICATION OF CARS

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18. 18 One Possible Solution

19. 19 Did You Have Problems??

20. 20 The 5 KINGDOMS of Classification A Kingdom is the largest group in the Classification system. It encompasses all the related species.

21. 21 The 5 KINGDOMS of Classification In all, there are 5 Kingdoms of Life… Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

22. 22 The 5 Kingdoms of Classification The Kingdom, Monera consists of all Bacteria. Examples of Bacteria include: Cyan bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli.

23. 23 The 5 Kingdoms of Classification The Kingdom, Protista consists of simple eukaryotes (multi-cellular organisms). Examples of Protista include: majority of molds such as Saprolegnia (Water mold) Dictyostelium diccoideum (Slime Mold).

24. 24 The 5 Kingdoms of Classification The Kingdom, Fungi consists of fungus & yeasts members. These break down organic materials to obtain food. Examples of different types of fungus include: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Yeast) Amanita muscaria (Fly Agaric).

25. 25 The 5 Kingdoms of Classification The Kingdom, Plantae houses all the plant members. Examples of plants include: Flowers Corn Moss Ferns Trees

26. 26 The 5 Kingdoms of Classification The last Kingdom, Animalia consists of Humans and ALL animals. Examples of Animalia include: Insects Mammals Reptiles Birds Amphibians.

27. 27 Using the Classification System Field guides help identify organisms. -they highlight differences between similar organisms (like trees) Taxonomic Key / Dichotomous Key) is a paired statements that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms

28. 28 Taxonomic Key Has pointed ears .................................... go to 3 1’ Has rounded ears ....................................go to 22. Has no tail ............................................. Kentuckyus 2’ Has tail .................................................. Dakotus Ears point upward .................................. go to 5 3’ Ears point downward ............................. go to 4 Engages in waving behavior .................. Dallus 4’ Has hairy tufts on ears .........................Californius Engages in waving behavior .................. WalaWala 5’ Does not engage in waving behavior.......go to 6 Has hair on head ..................................... Beverlus 6’ Has no hair on head (may have ear tufts) .......go to 7 Has a tail ................................................. Yorkio 7’ Has no tail, aggressive ............................ Rajus

29. 29 REVIEW Classification means the act of grouping living things by using a set of rules and similarities. Taxonomy is the field of biology that study how living things are classified. The modern classification system was developed by Carolus Linnaeus. His system is based upon classifying organisms according to physical and structural similarities. Binomial Nomenclature is a two word classification naming system. Each species of a living this is give a double name. First name (Genus) is ALWAYS capitalized. The second name (Species) is NEVER capitalized. Organisms are ranked in a “Taxa” according to their characteristics. Taxa is a further broken-down level of classification found within each kingdom according to similarities. The broader the Taxa the more general its characteristics & the more species it contains.

30. 30 REVIEW (Cont’d) There are 7 levels in the classification system

31. 31 REVIEW (Cont’d) The 5 Kingdoms Monera – all bacteria Protista – all simple eukaryotes (multi-cellular organisms, i.e. molds) Fungi – all fungus and yeasts (i.e. mushrooms) Plantae – all plants Animalia – all animals, reptiles, insects, birds Taxonomic Key / Dichotomous Key) is a paired statements that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms