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Africa

Africa. 1450-1750 CE. Politics. leaders cooperated with slave traders monarchy inheritance and succession was matrilineal, meaning it followed the woman’s family. When a king of Ghana died he was succeeded by his sister's son. Sunni Ali. West African Empires. Songhay Prince Sunni Ali

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Africa

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  1. Africa 1450-1750 CE

  2. Politics • leaders cooperated with slave traders • monarchy • inheritance and succession was matrilineal, meaning it followed the woman’s family. • When a king of Ghana died he was succeeded by his sister's son.

  3. Sunni Ali West African Empires Songhay Prince Sunni Ali • conquered the Mali Empire in 1463. • not a devout Muslim. • succeeded by his son, a non-Muslim. • overthrown by the Muslim population, who made Askia Muhammad, a Muslim, king of Mali.

  4. West African Empires Under Askia Muhammad: • Islam became the state religion of Mali. • Arab scholars were brought to Timbuktu. • Timbuktu became the cultural center of West Africa. • The Mali Empire was defeated by The Moroccans in 1590 • Moroccan occupation brought civil war and poverty. • Because of the frequent wars, this was also a time of intense slave trade of war prisoners for the Arab slave markets.

  5. East African Empires Ethiopia • In 1508, Christian emperor Lebna Dengel was at war with neighboring Muslims. • Made a treaty with the Portuguese who lent him 400 soldiers with muskets and cannons to defeat the Muslims. • The aid from the Portuguese kept Ethiopia from becoming a Muslim state.

  6. East African Empires Kongo • In the 16th century, King John II of Portugal sent Jesuit missionaries to the Kingdom of Kongo. • The king of Kongo, Nzinga Nkuwu, converted to Christianity. • He sent his son, Afonzo Mvemba Nzinga, to missionary school. • In 1506, Afonzo I became king of Kongo.

  7. Economy • Slavery was common in Africa • Men, women, and children captured in wars became slaves. • Slavery was also a consequence of family poverty, when poor people became slaves to pay off debts. • Between 1200 and 1500 CE, approximately 2.5 million Africans were sold as slaves to the Arabs. • In the 1500’s the Portuguese obtained slaves from already established Muslim sources. • Triangular Trade • Manufactured goods from Europe • Slaves from Africa • Raw goods from the Americas

  8. Social: Class/Gender • Demographic shifts • more males in the slave trade than females (females traded more in the East coast) • depopulated • South & East Africa had more cultural influence from the Portuguese

  9. Religion • animism, ancestor worship syncretism • Islam: many African Muslims had mixed opinions about some Islamic teachings, such as those concerning the role of women. • Aksumite Christianity took root in Ethiopia during the early stages of Christianity, and was different from that of the Catholic Church.

  10. Science, Inventions, & Art General decline due to slave trade • manioc, maize, sweet potatoes (from America) • Islamic art/architecture, paper making

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