Demographic Transition Model

1. Demographic Transition Model

2. What is the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)? • The demographic transition model explains the transformation of countries from having high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates. • In developed countries this transition began in the 18th century and continues today. • Less developed countries began the transition later and many are still in earlier stages of the model.

3. 10 minutes Task One • Make a copy of the DTM in your books, across a double page. • Make sure you add appropriate labels/detail.

4. Stage One Birth Rate and Death rate are both high. Population growth is slow and fluctuating. Birth Rate is high because of: • Lack of family planning • High Infant Mortality Rate: putting babies in the 'bank' • Need for workers in agriculture • Religious beliefs • Children as economic assets Death Rate is high because of: • High levels of disease • Famine • Lack of clean water and sanitation • Lack of health care • War • Competition for food from predators such as rats • Lack of education Typical of Britain in the 18th century and the Least Economically Developed Countries (LEDC's) today.

5. Stage Two Birth Rate remains high. Death Rate is falling. Population begins to rise steadily. Death Rate is falling as a result of: • Improved health care (e.g. Smallpox Vaccine) • Improved Hygiene (Water for drinking boiled) • Improved sanitation • Improved food production and storage • Improved transport for food • Decreased Infant Mortality Rates Typical of Britain in 19th century; Bangladesh; Nigeria

6. Stage Three Birth Rate starts to fall. Death Rate continues to fall. Population rising. Reasons behind birth and death rate falling: • Family planning available • Lower Infant Mortality Rate • Increased mechanization reduces need for workers • Increased standard of living • Changing status of women Typical of Britain in late 19th and early 20th century; China; Brazil

7. Stage Four • Birth Rate is low. • Death Rate is low. • Population steady. Typical of USA; Sweden; Japan; Britain

8. Typical of Germany Stage Five • Birth Rate slight fall. • Death Rate stable. • Natural increase: gentle decrease Reasons for changes in birth rate: • Family planning • Better health • Later marriages • Improved status of women Reasons for changes in death rate: • Good health care • Reliable food supply • People are generally living longer

9. What are the limitations? What limitations do you think there could be with the model? • It does not include the influences of migration • It assumes that all countries will go through the same pattern • There is no time scale • Reasons for birth rates and death rates are very different in different countries

10. Activity • Using the textbook (page 234/5 ) add notes to each stage of the Demographic Transition Model. • Make sure you understand why the birth and death rate line is where it is at . (E.g. why has the death rate fallen in stage 2, but the birth rate still remain high?)

11. To finish… http://www.gatm.org.uk/geographyatthemovies/population.html ‘DTM’ You are about to watch a clip on the DTM. It will summarise what we have learnt today. Towards the end is a quick quiz. Write the answers in your book.

12. Homework • Complete the worksheet. • Most questions can be completed on the worksheet – others need to be written on lined paper.