Review 4-1 Past participle 4-2 Present perfect with since and for

CONTENTS Review 4-1 Past participle 4-2 Present perfect with since and for 4-3 Negatives, questions, and short answer forms 4-4 Present perfect with unspecified time 4-5 Simple past vs. present perfect 4-6 Present perfect progressive 4-7 Present perfect progressive vs. present perfect 4-8 Past perfect

Review and Preview PRESENT AND PAST VERBS love give find take be be Jenna _____ her dog. His name __ Max. Jenna’s grandfather ____ Max to her. Her grandfather _____ him at an animal shelter. Jenna _____ very good care her dog. He __ a great dog. is loves gave found takes is

4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE She has forgotten his name.

4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE PASTPARTICIPLE SIMPLEFORM SIMPLEPAST finished stopped waited finish stop wait finished stopped waited REGULARVERBS seen made put see make put saw made put IRREGULARVERBS past perfect tense present perfect tense

4-1 LET’S PRACTICE PASTPARTICIPLE SIMPLEFORM SIMPLEPAST stopped stop go take write stopped went took wrote gone taken written

4-2 PRESENT PERFECT WITH SINCE AND FOR I have been here since 6:00 AM.

4-2 PRESENT PERFECT WITH SINCE AND FOR (a) I’vebeen here since 6:00 a.m. (b)I have playedthe violinforsix years. since for present perfect + past present

4-2 PRESENT PERFECT WITH SINCE AND FOR (a) I’vebeen here since 6:00 a.m.. now 6:00 x x x

4-2 PRESENT PERFECT WITH SINCE AND FOR (c) I have You have She, He, It has We have They have been herefor a week. STATEMENT:have / has + past participle

4-2 PRESENT PERFECT WITH SINCE AND FOR since noon. since Wednesday. since April. since 2010. sinceMay 9, 2011. since yesterday. since last week. (d) I have worked here Specific point in time (hour, day, month, etc.) Since

4-2 PRESENT PERFECT WITH SINCE AND FOR (e) CORRECT:I have studied English since 2007. CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007. (f) INCORRECT:I am studying English since 2007. (g) INCORRECT:I study English since 2007. (h) INCORRECT:I studied English since 2007. (i) INCORRECT:I was study English since 2007.

4-2 PRESENT PERFECT WITH SINCE AND FOR SINCE SINCE-CLAUSE (simple past) MAIN CLAUSE (present perfect) (j) We have been friends since I wasfifteen. (k) Jim has played many sports since he triedsoccer. since + subject + simple present verb

4-2 PRESENT PERFECT WITH SINCE AND FOR FOR forfifty minutes. for five hours. forten days. for about six weeks. for almost two months. for many years. for a long time. (h) I have worked here For length of time

4-2 LET’S PRACTICE 3 hours she was six Mary has been playing the piano since___________. she was six Mary has been playing the piano for ___________. three hours

4-2 LET’S PRACTICE he started school 15 years Alejandro has studied English since________________. he started school Alejandro has studied English for __________________. fifteen years

4-2 LET’S PRACTICE for since My uncle has driven a taxi _____ 1982. since My uncle has driven a taxi ____ thirty years. for

4-3 NEGATIVE, QUESTION, AND SHORT-ANSWER FORMS Has he finished all his work?

4-3 NEGATIVE, QUESTION, AND SHORT-ANSWER FORMS NEGATIVE: (a) Ihave not (haven’t) gonehome yet. (b) Fatima has not (hasn’t) gonehome. have/has + not+ past participle Negative Contractions: have + not = haven’t has + not = hasn’t

4-3 NEGATIVE, QUESTION, AND SHORT-ANSWER FORMS (c) Have you read the report?

4-3 NEGATIVE, QUESTION, AND SHORT-ANSWER FORMS QUESTION: (c) Have you read the report? (d) Has Marcy gone home? (e) How long have you worked there? have/has+ subject + past participle

4-3 NEGATIVE, QUESTION, AND SHORT-ANSWER FORMS EVER and NEVER: (f) Have you ever been to Paris? No, I’ve never beento Paris. Ever = in your entire lifetime Never use fornegative responses

4-3 NEGATIVE, QUESTION, AND SHORT-ANSWER FORMS (g) No,I haven’t. I have only read a few pages. Have you read all of this article? SHORT ANSWER: have / haven’t

4-3 NEGATIVE, QUESTION, AND SHORT-ANSWER FORMS (h) Has Kyung finished her homework? Yes, shehas. She did it after school. SHORT ANSWER: has/ hasn’t

4-3 LET’S PRACTICE PRESENT PERFECT you touch ever Have you ever touched ___________________ a snake?

4-3 LET’S PRACTICE PRESENT PERFECT touch never I’ve never touched ________________ No, a snake.

4-3 LET’S PRACTICE PRESENT PERFECT Justin see ever _________________ a shark? Has Justin ever seen

4-3 LET’S PRACTICE PRESENT PERFECT Yes, he ___. He saw one near Cape Town, has South Africa.

4-4 PRESENT PERFECT WITH UNSPECIFIED TIME Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet. Tyler has taken his first steps.

4-4 PRESENT PERFECT WITH UNSPECIFIED TIME (a) Micah hasjustgotten his first job. (b) Leah has recently visited Singapore. The activity occurred before now or sometime in the past.

4-4 PRESENT PERFECT WITH UNSPECIFIED TIME (a) Micah hasjustgotten his first job. (b) Janelle has recently visited Singapore. now before now X X time?

4-4 PRESENT PERFECT WITH UNSPECIFIED TIME (c) Mary haspainted portraits many times. (d) Her students have painted portraits twice. activity repeated before now, unspecified past times

4-4 PRESENT PERFECT WITH UNSPECIFIED TIME (c) Mary haspainted portraits many times. (d) Her students have painted portraits twice. now before now X X X X

4-4 PRESENT PERFECT WITH UNSPECIFIED TIME ALREADY: (e) Tyler hasalreadytaken his first steps. OR Tyler hastaken his first steps already. Use already in affirmative statements

4-4 PRESENT PERFECT WITH UNSPECIFIED TIME YET: (f) Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet. Use yet in negative statements

4-4 PRESENT PERFECT WITH UNSPECIFIED TIME ALREADY and YET: (g) Has she alreadyseen the movie? Has she seen the movie already? Has she seen the movie yet? Both ok in questions.

4-4 LET’S PRACTICE take, already has already taken Kyung __________________the test.

4-3 LET’S PRACTICE since OR for study since I ______________ _______ 8 AM. ‘ve been studying

4-4 LET’S PRACTICE be has been Rosa ___________ to Italy three times.

4-5 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT I had an angel fish when I was a child. I have had many other fish since then.

4-5 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PAST (a) They completed the game at 4:00. specific time PRESENT PERFECT (b) They have already completed the game. unspecified time

4-5 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PAST (c) I was in Nigeria when I was five years old. specific time PRESENT PERFECT (d) I have been to Nigeria three times. unspecified time

4-5 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PAST (e) Jack camped in France for 9 days. for activity began & ended in past PRESENT PERFECT (f) Eli has been camping since last Monday. (f) Eli has been camping for 9 days. for / since activity began & continues

4-5 LET’S PRACTICE ? SPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED TIME OR We have been to Tokyo many times. PRESENTPERFECT UNSPECIFIED

4-5 LET’S PRACTICE ? SPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED TIME OR Barry has never been to Tokyo. PRESENT PERFECT UNSPECIFIED

4-5 LET’S PRACTICE ? SPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED TIME OR Gina went to Tokyo last month. SPECIFIED SIMPLE PAST

4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE Dee has been working for ten hours.

4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (a) Dee has been workingsince 6 o’clock. (b) She has been workingfor ten hours. STATEMENT: have/has + been + -ing

4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (c) How long hasshebeen working? QUESTION FORM: have/has + subject + been + -ing

4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (d) Mary is playing the piano right now. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE in progress right now duration of time not mentioned Mary has been playing the piano right now.

4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (e) Mary has been playing sincenoon. (f) Mary has been playing foran hour. PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE began in past in progress right now time expressed Mary is playing the piano since noon.

Review 4-1 Past participle 4-2 Present perfect with since and for