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BLOOD GROUPS

BLOOD GROUPS. FACTS ABOUT BLOOD GROUPS. THE MOST IMPORTANT BLOOD GROUP IN THE U.S. IS THE ABO GROUP 3 ALLELES FOR THIS GROUP: A,B & O A PERSON CAN ONLY INHERIT 2 ALLELES (GENES) FOR THIS. POSSIBLE GENE COMBINATIONS. GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE (alleles) (actual blood type).

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BLOOD GROUPS

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  1. BLOOD GROUPS

  2. FACTS ABOUT BLOOD GROUPS THE MOST IMPORTANT BLOOD GROUP IN THE U.S. IS THE ABO GROUP 3 ALLELES FOR THIS GROUP: A,B & O A PERSON CAN ONLY INHERIT 2 ALLELES (GENES) FOR THIS

  3. POSSIBLE GENE COMBINATIONS GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE (alleles) (actual blood type) AA AO BB BO AB OO A A B B AB O

  4. Antigen • In immunology, an antigen is a substance that evokes the production of one or more antibodies. Each antibody binds to a specific antigen by way of an interaction similar to the fit between a lock and a key

  5. Antibody • An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large Y-shaped protein produced by B-cells that is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses • So the foreign antigen is the “bad guy” and the antibody is the molecule your body uses to fight the foreign antigen

  6. Serology – the study of antigen – antibody reactions

  7. Laboratory Examination - Individualization • The surface of a RBC contains antigens • Antigen (Ag) – a glycoprotein that stimulates the body to produce antibodies (Ab) against it • Antigens impart blood-type characteristics to the RBC

  8. Laboratory Examination –ABO and Rh system

  9. Meaning they have the following blood type

  10. Rh Factor

  11. Laboratory Examination –ABO and Rh system • The population distribution of blood types varies with location and race throughout the world • In the US, a typical distribution:

  12. FREQUENCY OF BLOOD TYPES A B AB O 41 % 10 % 4 % LEAST COMMON 45% MOST COMMON

  13. UNIVERSAL DONOR: THE BLOOD TYPE THAT CAN BE GIVEN TO ALL OTHER BLOOD TYPES. TYPE O- IS THE UNIVERSAL DONOR. UNIVERSAL ACCEPTOR: THE BLOOD TYPE THAT CAN RECEIVE ALL OTHER BLOOD TYPES. TYPE AB+ IS THE UNIVERSAL ACCEPTOR.

  14. Rh FACTOR THE Rh FACTOR IS ANOTHER ANTIGEN (PROTEIN) THAT CAN BE FOUND ON THE SURFACE OF SOME RBC’S PEOPLE WITH THIS PROTEIN ON THEIR RBC’S ARE Rh+ . PEOPLE WHO LACK THIS PROTEIN ARE Rh-.

  15. ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS A HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF NEWBORNS. THE RESULT OF Rh INCOMPATIBILITY THE MOTHER IS Rh- & THE FATHER IS Rh+ BOTH HEMOLYSIS & AGGLUTINATION WILL RESULT

  16. BROKENRBC IMMATURE RBC (NUCLEATED) NORMALRBC

  17. WHAT DISEASE CONDITIONS WOULD YOU EXPECT THIS BABY TO HAVE AT BIRTH? ANEMIA JAUNDICE

  18. WHAT IS THE Tx FOR THESE BABIES? A COMPLETE BLOOD TRANSFUSION

  19. RHOGAM: CONTAINS ANTI-Rh ANTIBODIES HOW IS IT ADMINISTERED? INJECTION WHEN IS IT ADMINISTERED? DURING THE PREGNANCY & WITHIN 72 HOURS AFTER DELIVERY . PREVENTION?

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