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Evidence for Evolution: Pattern Motivation

Explore the evidence for evolution, including vestigial traits, extinction, transitional forms, and common ancestry. Learn how homology and phylogenies help us understand the patterns of biological diversity over time.

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Evidence for Evolution: Pattern Motivation

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  1. Evidence for Evolution: Pattern • Motivation • How does evolution explain historical and contemporary patterns of biological diversity??

  2. II. Descent with Modification

  3. III. Evidence of Change Over Time A. Vestigial Traits A useless or rudimentary version of a body part that has an important function in other closely related species

  4. Rubber boa has tiny remnant of hind limb

  5. Humans: vestigial tailbone goosebumps are remnant of erecting hair

  6. Chicken wings Chicken feet Remnant digit appears during development

  7. Three Pedicularis species from Tibet Long tubed species are nectarless

  8. Fig. 3 Nectary SEM micrographs of three Pedicularis species. a, d, Pedicularis densispica. b, c, Pedicularis gruina. c, f, Pedicularis siphonantha. a–c, Views of ovary with the nectary (arrow) at its base, showing different sizes of nectary. Scale bars ¼ 100 mm. d–f, Detail of the nectary epidermis, showing different fullness of epidermis cells among three species. Scale bars ¼ 10 mm.

  9. Marine stickleback

  10. B. Extinction Irish Elk actually a deer

  11. C. Law of Succession Correspondence between fossil and living forms from the same locale Fossil from Argentina Fossil from Australia Armadillo Wombat

  12. D. Transitional Forms 95 m y old fossil of snake with large (relatively) large hind limbs

  13. A bird with a dinosaur's skeleton and a dinosaur with feathers

  14. More feathered dinosaurs

  15. Modern feather, filaments branching from a central shaft

  16. More Transitional Fossils

  17. E. Evidence of recent evolution Soapberry bugs Native to florida Introduced from Asia

  18. IV. Evidence of Common Ancestry • Tree Building and Phylogenies: • Common Ancestry Implies two species sharing a common ancestor, and • should be able to reconstruct with a tree or phylogeny of life Extinct lineage

  19. Flecked Coat pattern is ancestral

  20. Cat Phylogeny The phylogeny below was redrawn from Johnson, et al., 2006. Only 12 of the more familiar species (including all of the cats that can be seen at the Fort Worth Zoo) have been included. For a complete phylogeny, see the reference above. rosettes flecked rosette Rosettes, lion cub rosettes rosette Stripes = loss Reference: Johnson, et al. The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: a genetic assessment.Science 311 (6 January 2006): 73-77.

  21. B. Species can split into two Siberian greenish warbler

  22. C. Homology: Similarity between species resulting from inheritance of traits from a common ancestor Different function but similar construction

  23. Nonhomologous similarities fins hands

  24. Gill slit

  25. Genetic Flaws reveal shared ancestry Part of protein coded by COX10

  26. V. Timing A. Evolution occurs over long time periods

  27. Conclusion, Evidence for Evolution • Descent with modification • Vestigial traits • Extinction • Darwin’s Law of Succession • Transitional forms in fossil record • Recent evolution • Common Ancestry • Phylogenies • Homology • Age of Earth

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