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UNIT 3

UNIT 3. THE WORLD WAR I ERA. A SWIFT VICTORY IN THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR CONFIRMED THE STATUS OF THE UNITED STATES AS A WORLD POWER, BUT IT LEFT SOME PEOPLE ARGUING OVER HOW TO GOVERN NEWLY ACQUIRED TERRITORIES. Chapter 17 SECTION 2 The Spanish-American War.

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UNIT 3

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  1. UNIT 3 THE WORLD WAR I ERA

  2. A SWIFT VICTORY IN THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR CONFIRMED THE STATUS OF THE UNITED STATES AS A WORLD POWER, BUT IT LEFT SOME PEOPLE ARGUING OVER HOW TO GOVERN NEWLY ACQUIRED TERRITORIES Chapter 17 SECTION 2 The Spanish-American War

  3. Chapter 17: Becoming a World Power (1890–1915) Section 1: The Pressure to Expand Section 2: The Spanish-American War Section 3: A New Foreign Policy Section 4: Debating America’s New Role

  4. Presidents of the United States • #21 - … • Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881) • Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884) • Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888) • Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892) • #25 - William McKinley; Republican (1896) • Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901) • William Howard Taft; Republican (1909) • Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1913) • George Washington; Federalist (1788) • John Adams; Federalist (1796) • Thomas Jefferson (1800) • James Madison (1808) • James Monroe (1816) • John Quincy Adams (1824) • Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828) • Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836) • William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840) • John Tyler; Whig (1841) • James K. Polk; Democrat (1844) • Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848) • Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850) • Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852) • James Buchanan; Democrat (1856) • Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860) • Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865) • Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868) • Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876) • James Garfield; Republican (1880)

  5. OBJECTIVES • CORE OBJECTIVE: Explain the causes and effects of imperialism. • Objective 3.2: What events led to the Spanish-American War? • THEME: America will look to expand its borders and influence

  6. THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR

  7. DEFENDING THE MONROE DOCTRINE • By demanding that a dispute between Venezuela and Great Britain be sent to arbitration, the United States defended the validity of the Monroe Doctrine. (Monroe Doctrine in Action) • Arbitration is the settlement of a dispute by a person or panel chosen to listen to both sides and come to a decision. • The British government backed down because it needed to stay on friendly terms with the United States. • The United States became involved in the Cuban rebellion against Spain, to protect American business interests. • Cuba rebels from Spanish control in 1895, McKinley takes a stronger stance toward Spain upon his election in 1897

  8. Spain controlled Cuba since 1500’s. • Cuban people were fighting a revolution against Spanish brutality • Cubans wanted their independence from Spain • 90 miles from U.S. • Protect our trade

  9. JINGOISM • In competition for readership, two New York newspapers wrote exaggerated stories about the Cuban rebellion. • Yellow Journalism is a type ofjournalism that presents little or no well-researched news and instead uses eye-catching headlines to sell more newspapers. • This yellow journalism sold a lot of papers but had other effects: • It whipped up American public opinion in favor of the Cuban rebels. • It led to a burst of national pride and the desire for an aggressive foreign policy, which became known as jingoism. • Jingoist writers were constantly on alert for American insults and frequently called for military retaliation

  10. YELLOW JOURNALISM • How long are the Spaniards to drench Cuba with the blood and tears of her people? • How long is the peasantry of Spain to be drafted away to Cuba to die miserably in a hopeless war, that Spanish nobles and Spanish officers may get medals and honors? • How long shall old Cuban men and women and children be murdered by the score, the innocent victims of Spanish rage against the patriot armies they cannot conquer?

  11. STEPS TO WAR STEPS TO WAR 1. Spanish Ambassador de Lôme insulted President McKinley. 2. The USS Maine was stationed in Havana harbor. • The USS Maine exploded, and the American public blamed Spain. 3. Yellow Journalism 4. Congress recognized Cuban independence and authorized force against Spain.

  12. De Lôme Letter Dupuy de Lôme, SpanishAmbassador to the U.S. Criticized PresidentMcKinley as weak and abidder for the admirationof the crowd, besidesbeing a would-be politicianwho tries to leave a dooropen behind himself whilekeeping on good termswith the jingoes of hisparty.

  13. The USS Maine was stationed in Havana harbor. • American citizens threatened by revolution in Cuba. • Pres. McKinley sent USS Maine to rescue US citizens. • The USS Maine exploded, and the American public blamed Spain.

  14. YELLOW JOURNALISM Joseph Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst

  15. “A Splendid Little War” • War declared in April of 1898 • May 1, 1898: The United States launched a surprise attack in Manila Bay and destroyed Spain’s entire Pacific fleet in seven hours. • July 1: Roosevelt led the Rough Riders up San Juan Hill. • July 3: The United States Navy sank the remaining Spanish ships. • Fewer than 500 Americans casualties The Spanish-American War

  16. The Spanish-American War

  17. Rough Riders

  18. SP War in Caribbean

  19. The Treaty of Paris, 1898 • With Spain’s defeat their government recognized Cuba’s independence. • Spain gave up the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico to the US in return for $20 million. • The island nations then became unincorporated territories of the United States. • President McKinley installed a military government to protect American business interests. The War Ends

  20. New Challenges After the War The Philippines • President McKinley’s arguments for annexation: • Filipinos were unfit for self-government. • Independence would bring anarchy. • European powers would try to seize the islands. • The Filipinos fought a three-year war for independence. • The Philippines did not gain complete independence until 1946. Cuba • The war declaration, Teller Amendment, had promised the U.S. would not annex Cuba • President McKinley installed a military government to protect American business interests & rebuild chaotic government • Cubans felt betrayed, exchanged Spanish control for U.S • Cuba drafted a constitution in 1900 that did not allow for U.S. involvement.

  21. THE PLATTE AMENDMENT • The U.S. government only agreed to remove its troops if Cuba included the Platt Amendment. • The Platt Amendment remained in place until 1934. • It allowed for U.S. naval bases on the island and intervention whenever necessary. • Platt Amendment (1903 - 1934) • Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would endanger its independence. • The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient, independent govt. • Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for naval station. • Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt.

  22. United States Acquisitions and Annexations1857-1904

  23. OPEN DOOR POLICY • China’s huge population and its vast markets became very important to American trade. • President McKinley’s Secretary of State, John Hay, wrote notes to the major European powers trying to persuade them to keep an “open door” to China. • Hay wanted to ensure through his Open Door Policy that the United States would have equal access to China’s millions of consumers.

  24. WHAT DO WE KNOW? • WHAT TERRITORY WAS AT THE CENTER OF THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR? • WHAT WERE THE CAUSES? • WHO WINS THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR? • WHAT DID THE VICTOR RECEIVE? • WHY DID THE U.S. GO TO WAR?

  25. Chapter 17, Section 2 The Spanish-American War-Assessment Which of the following was a reason President McKinley stated for the annexation of the Philippines? (A) The United States needed raw materials from the Philippines. (B) McKinley believed that the Filipinos could not govern themselves. (C) McKinley believed that if the United States fought for it, they should own it. (D) McKinley was concerned that granting independence would damage his public image. How did the United States defend the Monroe Doctrine? (A) By forcing the British to go to arbitration over their dispute with Venezuela (B) By demolishing Spain’s navy (C) By annexing the Philippines (D) By winning the Spanish-American War

  26. Chapter 17, Section 2 The Spanish-American War-Assessment Which of the following was a reason President McKinley stated for the annexation of the Philippines? (A) The United States needed raw materials from the Philippines. (B) McKinley believed that the Filipinos could not govern themselves. (C) McKinley believed that if the United States fought for it, they should own it. (D) McKinley was concerned that granting independence would damage his public image. How did the United States defend the Monroe Doctrine? (A) By forcing the British to go to arbitration over their dispute with Venezuela (B) By demolishing Spain’s navy (C) By annexing the Philippines (D) By winning the Spanish-American War

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