People as Resource

1. People as Resource MR.JAGANNATH D. TGT – SOCIAL SCIENCE PIS,NANDED (M.H.)

2. Human Resource:The working people in a country in terms of their abilities and skills. It contributes to theGross National Product (GNP).

3. Human Capital Formation When the existing human resource is further educated and health facilities are extended to all the people, then it is called human capital formation. • Investing in human capital (health, training, education, etc.) produces returns similar to investing in physical capital. Higher incomes are earned because of the high productivity of the educated and trained persons. • Human capital is more important than other resources such as the physical capital. Human capital can utilize physical capital, but physical capital cannot become useful themselves.

4. Population, which was earlier considered a liability, can become an asset if proper investment is made on human capital. E.g. investing in education, health, training man power, scientific research, etc. • Investment on education is a major advantage as it improves the total productivity, which adds to the overall economic growth.

5. Classification of Economic Activities • Primary sector: agriculture, forestry, fishing, animal husbandry, mining,poultry farming, etc. • Secondary sector: manufacturing and construction. • Tertiary sector: transport, communication, trade, banking, health services,tourism, insurance, etc.

6. Economic activities can be divided into marketing activities and non-marketing activities. • Marketing activities: tasks performed for profit. E.g. goods production, government services, etc. • Non-marketing activities: production for own consumption.

7. Quality of Population Education: • Adds to the national income and sustains morality and cultural richness. • The Sarva Siksha Abhiyan aims at providing education to all children within the age group of six to fourteen years by 2010. • The Mid-day Meal Scheme has been incorporated with the literacy campaigns for improving a child’s health status and nutrition. • In the last 50 years, the number of institutions and universities has significantly increased in India.

8. Health • An unhealthy individual is not an asset but a liability for a country. • The national policy of our country aims at improving the health care,with special emphasis on the under-privileged sections of society.

9. Unemployment • In India, unemployment prevails in the rural and urban areas. • Rural areas: Seasonal and Disguised unemployment. • Urban areas: Educated unemployment.

10. Seasonal unemployment Seasonal unemployment occurs when an individual remains unemployed only during a particular period in a year. It happens mostly with people engaged in agriculture where, when the field work and cultivation is complete, they become jobless until the next season. Disguised unemployment Disguised unemployment occurs when people appear to be employed or involved in a job. If four people get the work done in a field, adding three more to it would not create a different impact. If these extra three are removed, it would not harm the productivity.

11. Educated unemployment Educated unemployment happens when an educated individual is not able to find a job.