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Components of Cardiovascular System

Explore the components and functions of the cardiovascular system along with the organization, vasculature, cardiac cycle, and blood pressure. Learn how exercise impacts blood flow, pressure regulation, and the heart's blood supply.

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Components of Cardiovascular System

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  1. Components of Cardiovascular System Exercise Physiology

  2. Functions • Deliver oxygenated blood to muscles; 1900 gals/day • Aerate blood in lungs • Transport heat to surface • Deliver nutrients to tissues • Transport hormones Organization of Circulatory System

  3. Heart Chambers Two Pumps in One • Right heart to lungs • Left heart to body • Right and left atrioventricular valves prevent backflow into atria: tricuspid-right, bicuspid (mitral)-left • Right and left semilunar valves prevent backflow into ventricles: pulmonic-right, aortic-left Circulatory System: Valves

  4. Circulatory System: Heart

  5. Heart wall composed of 3 layers • Epicardium • Myocardium • Endocardium • Differs from skeletal • Intercalated discs connect cells to permit electrical transmission • Homogenous muscle fibers similar to slow twitch fibers Circulatory System: Myocardium

  6. Cardiac Cycle Circulatory System: Heart

  7. Vasculature • Arteries: highly muscular, elastic • Capillaries: thin, porous single layer • Capillary branching increases cross section area • Flow velocity inversely proportional to area, so broad capillary beds have slow blood flow Circulatory System

  8. Vasculature • Veins Thinner walls, less muscular Serve as blood reservoir Venous return facilitated by flaps Active cool-down facilitates blood flow Circulatory System

  9. Blood Pressure Blood Pressure = cardiac output x total peripheral resistance

  10. Systolic Blood Pressure: pressure in blood vessel due to surge of blood in aorta and subsequent recoil of aortic wall propagates awave of pressure through circuit. • Diastolic Blood Pressure: pressure in blood vessel during diastole. • DBP provides indication of peripheral resistance or ease of flow from “a to c”. • Normal systolic BP < _?_ mm Hg and diastolic BP < _?_ mm Hg. Blood Pressure at Rest

  11. During RHYTHMIC exercise, increase in blood flow and dilation of blood vessels in active muscles cause SBP to __?__ and DBP to __?___. • During RESISTIVE exercise, sustained muscular forces compress peripheral arteries causing blood pressure __?__. • Upper body exercise has ___ BP than exercise with legs. Blood Pressure during Exercise

  12. A bout of light- to moderate-intensity exercise decreases SBP for up to ___ hrs. • Pooling of blood in visceral organs and lower extremities reduces central blood volume which contributes to hypotensive recovery response. Blood Pressure during Recovery

  13. Openings for left and right coronary arteries are in aorta just above the aortic valve. • Aortic valve flaps close coronary arteries during ejection phase. Heart’s Blood Supply

  14. Myocardial oxygen utilization is 70% to 80% at rest, contrast to 25% other tissues. • In vigorous exercise, coronary blood flow increases 4-6x above normal. Heart’s Blood Supply

  15. Impaired coronary blood flow: angina pectoris (chest pain). • Rate pressure product: estimate of myocardial work (SBP x HR) • Myocardium almost completely aerobic Heart’s Blood Supply

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