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Orkustofnun The National Energy Authority

Orkustofnun The National Energy Authority. Prof . dr . Gudni A Jóhannesson Director General. EQM The Nordic and the Global Perspective. Nordic Showroom on Energy Quality Management Reykjav ik – Harpa 27-28 August 2014.

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Orkustofnun The National Energy Authority

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  1. Orkustofnun The National Energy Authority Prof. dr. Gudni A Jóhannesson Director General EQM The Nordic and the Global Perspective Nordic Showroom on Energy Quality Management Reykjavik – Harpa 27-28 August 2014

  2. Nordic Showroom on Energy Quality ManagementReykjavik – Harpa 28-29 August 2014 The conference is held by Orkustofnun, The National Energy Authority in Iceland, with support from The Nordic Council of Ministers

  3. Orkustofnun - The Icelandic National Energy Authority A body directly under the Ministry of Industries and Innovation Advising the government and the public on energy issues Public administration of energy and mineral resources utilisation Licencing research, exploration and operation of hydro-, and geothermal power Regulator for the electrical grid Licencing exploration and extraction of oil and gas Licencing exploration and mining of mineral resources Host organisation for the UNU geothermal training program in Iceland

  4. Global Primary Energy Use 2006 1 Originally by Cullen & Allwood 2010

  5. Total Primary energy use 475 TWh Heating 233 TWH Saving potential by Energy Quality Management 150 TWh? Global EQM Potential Total coal burning 127 TWh 2006 values

  6. Use

  7. Quality of energy • Quality of energy is the proportion of the stored energy that can be used to generate work. Tr Qr Work T0

  8. Definition of Exergy and EnergyQuality Quality of energy at T1 (Max exergyoutput)/energy Exergydestroyingprocesses Electricity or fuelsconverteddirectlytoheat Mixing of water at differenttemperatures Friction losses in fluidflow Heat reservoir Mechanical work - Exergy Heat flow Anergy Environment

  9. Energy consists of • Exergy kWh • The part of the available energy that can theoretically be converted to mechanical energy • Anergy kWh • The difference between the energy and the exergy

  10. Thermodynamical laws • 1. law • Energy can be converted from one form to another but energy can neither be produced nor consumed • Energy can not be consumed • 2. law • For all energy conversion processes in a closed system the Exergy of the new state will always be lower than in the beginning state. • Exergy is consumed

  11. Reference temperature T0 • We define T0as a representative temperature of the lowest heat source for the system e.g. 273.15 K (degrees Kelvin) or -0 oC Tr Qr Heat reservoir T0 Reference temperature

  12. Exergy X for a heat source depending on temperature Tr Qr m c Temperature Proportion exergy W T0 Ref temperature

  13. 400kW Geothermal Power Plant at Chena Hot Springs, Alaska A fluid, R-134a, with lower boiling point than water passes through a heat exchanger with 165°F/74oC water from our geothermal wells.  Heat from the geothermal water causes the R-134a to flash to vapor which then drives the turbine. 

  14. Chena Ice Hotel

  15. The Deep Drilling Project 250 OC >500 OC

  16. Exergy in >> mgDh Must be a solution Friction Mechanical work transformed into heat Exergy is destroyed

  17. Exergy in reduced by 80 % The pyramid will be finished in 86 years Rolling sticks Less friction Less mechanical work transformed into heat Exergy is saved

  18. Light exergy Elecricity 75 lumen/W 14 lumen/W Light exergy Non visible radiation and heat

  19. Shukuyas Exergy Minimum Indoor climate criteria Predicted mean vote by Fanger

  20. Heat pump – highest theoretical COP Source temperature OC

  21. Heat pumps – measured COP Fig. 1: Values of COP for brine/water heat pumps (as used typically in geothermal heat pump systems), measured in the Heat Pump Test Centre Toess (extract from http://www.wpz.ch/)

  22. EnergyQualityManagement CommunityLevel

  23. Nordic EQM Related Development Co - generation District heating District cooling Heat pumps Geo exchange Waste heat management Low temperature heating – floor heating Low temperature cooling – cooling beams

  24. Energy market

  25. Investment cost for solar 95000MUSD/28 Gigawattsca 3,4 MUSD/MW Utilisation time < 2000 h Variable production Investment cost for Icelandic geothermal ca 3 MUSD/MW – Utilisation time > 8000 h - base load production

  26. The price for Exergy • Reykjavik Energy – marginal cost • Electricity • Energy price 8,81 kr/kWh • Exergy prioce 8,81 kr/kWh • Hot water • Energy price 65,23 kr/m3DT=(80-40) K 46,4 kWst 1,41 kr/kWh • Exergy price (353,15/273,15) = 11,4 KWh 5,72 kr/kWh

  27. ICELAND 1945 - 2010 Normalized to 100 in 2005 Per capita http://www.os.is/ Year http://www2.stjr.is/frr/thst/rit/sogulegt/english.htm

  28. Thank you

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