Matter

1. Matter matter- anything that has mass and takes up space.

2. Properties of Matter 1) physical properties- characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance. melting point color taste boiling point smell density conductivity hardness texture luster

3. Properties of Matter 2) chemical properties- characteristics of a substance that describe its ability to change into different substances. ability to burn rusting tarnishing reacting with acids or bases

4. Types of Matter • element- a. simplest substance b. cannot be broken down by chemical or physical means c. identified by chemical and physical properties H O Fe Au Pb U Hydrogen Oxygen Iron Gold Lead Uranium atom-simplest form of an element

5. 2) compound- chemically combined atoms with new properties, has a set ratio of one atom to another CO2 H20 C6H12O6 Fe2O3 water carbon dioxide glucose iron oxide (rust) chemical formula – symbols used to indicate a compound molecule- bonded atoms in their simplest form

6. 3) mixture- made of two or more substances (elements, compounds, etc.) that are not chemically combined. Substances are not in a set ratio. Each keeps its own properties. dirt air salad brass clay, sand, organic material nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide lettuce, spinach, carrots, anchovies copper, zinc • heterogeneous mixture- a mixture whose substances can be seen. b) homogeneous mixture- a mixture whose substances cannot be seen.

7. Changes in Matter 1) physical changes- a change that alters the form or appearance of a substance without changing it into another substance. melting boiling freezing evaporating

8. Changes in Matter 2) chemical changes- occurs when bonds break between atoms and form new substances. synthesis decomposition burning oxidation chemical changes occur as a result of a chemical reaction!

9. Law of Conservation of Mass states that: the total mass during a chemical or physical change remains constant or mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical or physical change.

10. Measuring Matter weight- the gravitational pull on an object. mass- the amount of matter in an object. weight can change with location, but mass remains the same. mass = 50 kg mass = 50 kg weight = 0 N weight = 490 N

11. mass Density = volume m D = V can be measured in cm3 or mL volume- the amount of space matter takes up. density- the measurement of how much mass of a substance is contained in a given volume. measured in grams/cubic centimeter(g/cm3) or grams/milliliter (g/mL)

12. Energy & Changes in Matter energy- the ability to do work or cause change. thermal energy- the total energy of all the particles in an object.

13. temperature- the measure of the average energy of motion of the particles of a substance.

14. High temperature Low temperature

15. Types of Chemical Changes endothermic reaction- a chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed; feels cold. exothermic reaction- a chemical reaction in which energy is released; feels hot.

16. Types of Energy During a change in matter many forms of energy may occur. 1) kinetic energy- the energy of matter in motion. 2) potential energy- the energy of an object’s position; the stored energy of an object

18. 3) Chemical energy- a form of potential energy that is stored in chemical bonds between atoms.

19. 4) Electromagnetic energy- a form of energy that travels through space as waves.

20. 5) electrical energy- the energy of electrically charged particles moving from one place to another.

21. 6) mechanical energy-the combination of potential and kinetic energy associated with the motion and/or position of an object.

22. 7) nuclear energy-the potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.

23. 8) Thermal energy-the total energy of all the particles in an object.