TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP

1. TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP EXTRAORDINARY LEADERS ABLE TO INSPIRE FOLLOWERS TO PERFORM BEYOND COMMONLY HELD EXPECTATION ALTER ENVIRONMENT NOT TO REACT BUT TO CREATE CIRCUMSTANCES

2. CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANFORMATIONAL LEADERS • CHARISMA – LEADERS ABILITY TO AROUSE DEVOTION & INVOLVEMENT 2 INSPIRATION – INCREASE FOLLOWERS AWARENESS & UNDERSTANDING OF MUTUALLY DESIRED GOALS TROUGH SYMBOLS

3. INDIVIDUALIZED CONSIDERATION • LET SUBORDINATE DEVELOP CAPABILITIES • TREAT FOLLOWERS ON ONE TO ONE BASIS • RAISE FOLLOWERS NEEDS PERPECTIVES • INTELLUCTUAL STIMULATION • TAKE RISK • CHALLENGE STATUSQUO • FOLLOWERS ARE SUPPORTED FOR HIS CREATIVITY AND SELF DIRECTION

4. TRANFORMATIONAL LEADERS • CHARISMA- ADA VISI,MISI,MARUAH PEKERJA DIHORMATI DAN ADA RASA KEPERCAYAAN TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MAREKA • INSPIRATION- KOMUNIKASI,GUNA SIMBOL BAGI SESUATU USAHA • INTELECTUAL STIMULATION- CEKAP,RASIONAL DALAM MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH • INDIVIDUALIZED CONSIDERATION- PERHATIAN PERIBADI MEMBIMBING, MENASIHATI

5. IS DEVELOPMENT ORIENTED FOR THE PURPOSE OF CHANGE • FOCUS ON THE INDIVIDUAL SUBORDINATE DEVELOPMENT TO ENHANCE THEIR PERFORMANCE. SO THE LEADER SHOULD FOCUS ON: • ABILITY TO SHOW CONFIDENCE • VISION / MISION • BEHAVE TO REINFORCE VISION AND MISION • MAINTAIN AND CREATE POSITIVE IMAGE IN THE MINDS OF FOLLOWERS

6. DIMENSI KEPEMIMPINAN TRANFORMATIONAL • DEVELOPMENT OF VISION AND GOALS • DEVELOPMENT OF COLLABORATIVE DECISION MAKING STRUCTURE • SYMBOLIZING GOOD PROFESSION PRACTICE • PROVIDING INDIVIDUAL SUPPORT • PROVIDING INTELLECTUAL STIMULATION • HOLDING HIGH PERFORMANCE EXPECTATION

7. TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP • CONTINGENT REWARDS - BASED ON EXCHANCE RELATIONSHIP. FOLLOWER’S COMPLIANCE IS EXCHANGED FOR EXPECTED REWARDS • CONCENTRATE ON CLARIFYING, EXPLAINING AND IMPLEMENTING THE STATUS QUO REQUIREMENT,ROLES AND REWARDS OF THE TASK

8. CONTINGENT REWARDS (EXCHANGE OF APPROPRIATE REWARDS FOR MEETING OBJECTIVES THAT HAD BEEN AGREED) • TRANSACTIONAL LEADERS PRACTICE MANAGEMENT BY EXCEPTION • DO THE WORK,BILA ADA PROBLEM BARU AMBIL TINDAKAN

9. KAITAN TRANFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP DGN SEKOLAH • VISION- LEADER IDENTIFY NEW OPPORTUNITY FOR HIS SCHOOL. HE SHOULD DEVELOP,INSPIRE AND ARTICULATE OTHERS ALSO - CONSENSUS ON SCHOOL GOALS AND PRIORITIES 2 COLABORATIVE DECISION MAKING. LEADER AIM TO INVOLVE STAFF IN DECISION MAKING AND FACILITATING THE DISTRIBUTION OF LEADERSHIP AMONG STAFF

10. SYMBOLIZE GOOD PRACTICE- LEADER SET EXAMPLE,LEADER DEMONSTRATE OPENNESS TO CHANGE BASED ON NEW UNDERSTANDING • PROVIDE INDIVIDUAL SUPPORT.LEADER RESPECT STAFF,LEADER CONCERN ABOUT FOLLOWERS FEELING AND NEEDS

11. INTELECTUAL STIMULATION – LEADER CHALLENGE STAFF TO REEXAMINE AND RETHINK TO DO WORK 6 HIGH PERFORMANCE EXPECTATION: LEADER EXPECTS EXCELLENCE, QUALITY AND INCREASE PERFORMANCES

12. WHO ARE THE TRANSFOMATIONAL SCHOOL LEADERS? • THEY ARE THOSE PRINCIPAL WHO SET HIGH STANDARDS OF CONDUCT AND BECOME A ROLE MODEL GAINING TRUST,RESPECT AND CONFIDENCE FROM TEACHER • THEY ARTICULATE THE FUTURE DESIRE STATE AND A PLAN TO ACHIEVE IT

13. THOSE WHO QUESTION THE STATUS QUO AND CONTINUOUSLY INNOVATE, EVEN AT THE PEAK OF SUCCESS • THOSE WHO ENERGIZE TEACHERS TO DEVELOP AND ACHIEVE THEIR FULL POTENTIAL AND PERFOMANCE

14. TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP INVOLVES INFLUENCE BY A LEADER ON SUBORDINATES,BUT THE EFFECT ON THE INFLUENCE IS TO EMPOWER SUBORDINATES TO PATICIPATE IN THE PROCESS OF TRANSFORMING THE ORGANIZATION

15. CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADER

16. IDEALIZED ATTRIBUTTES/ BEHAVIOR (CHARISMA) • INSTILL PRIDE IN OTHERS • GO BEYOND THEIR SELF INTEREST • ACT IN WAYS THAT BUILD OTHER’S RESPECT • DISPLAY A SENSE OF POWER AND COMPETECE • MAKE PERSONAL SACRIFICES • REASSURE OTHERS THAT OBSTACLES WILL BE OVERCOME

17. TALK ABOUT MOST IMPORTANT OF HAVING A STRONG SENSE OF PURPOSE • CONSIDER THE MORAL AND ETHICAL CONSEQUENCES OF DECISION • CHAMPION EXCITING NEW POSSIBILITIES • TALK ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF TRUSTING OTHER

18. INSPIRATIONAL MOTIVATION-INSPRING OTHER • TALK OPTIMISTICALLY ABOUT THE FUTURE • TALK ENTHUSIASTICALLY ABOUT WHAT NEED TO BE ACCOMPLISHED • ARTICULATE A COMPELLING VISION OF THE FUTURE • PROVIDE AN EXCITING IMAGE • TAKE A STAND ON CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE

19. INTELLECTUAL STIMULATIONS-STIMULATE OTHERS • REEXAMINE CRITICAL ASSUMPTION • GET OTHERS TO LOOK AT PBROLEMS FROM MANY DIFFERENT ANGLES • SUGGEST NEW WAYS IN LOOKING AT HOW TO COMPLETE ASSIGNMENTS • ENCOURAGE NON- TRADITIONAL THINKING TO DEAL WITH TADITIONAL PROBLEMS • ENCOURAGE RETHINKING - THOSE IDEA WHICH HAVE NEVER BEEN QUESTIONED BEFORE

20. INDIVIDUAL CONSIDERATION: COACHING AND DEVELOPEMENT • SPEND TIME TEACHING AND COACHING • TREAT OTHERS AS INDIVIDUALS RATHER THAN JUST MEMBER OF THE GROUP • CONSIDER INDIVIDUALS AS HAVING DIFFERENT NEEDS, ABILITIES,& ASPIRATION • HELP OTHERS TO DEVELOP THEIR STRENGTHS • LISTEN ACTIVELY • PROMOTE SELF DEVELOPMENT

21. LEADERS ARE CHANGE AGENTS – LEADERS ARE SEEN AS ONE WHO CAN RESPOND TO CHANGE POSITIVELY AND ONE WHO ACTIVELY CREATES CHANGE , THEY ARE TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERS FOLLOWERS ARE ELEVATED FROM THEIR EVERYDAY ‘SELVES’ TO THEIR BETTER ‘SELVES’ THESE LEADERS CAN BE ANYBODY IN THE ORGANIZATION – IT INVOLVED PEOPLE INFUENCING PEERS OR SUPERIORS AS WELL SUBORDINATES. COACH THEM TO DEVELOP THEIR FULL CAPABILITIES.

22. TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERS AND EFFECTIVNESS • TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSIP HAS BEEN SHOWN TO HAVE A DIRECT POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP WITH PERFORMANCE • TRANFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP MAY RESULT IN HIGHER LEVEL OF SATISFACTION AND EFFECTIVENESS AMONG THE FOLLOWERS

23. U.S MARINE OFFICERS WERE MORE PRODUCTIVE WITH THIS TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP • FINANCIAL PERFRMANCES OF 27 BUSINESS FIRMS WAS HIGHER WHEN THE 27 PRESIDENTS WERE EVALUATED AS TRANSFORMATIONAL • THERE WAS A SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND TEACHER’S ATTITUDES TOWARDS SCHOOLS IMPROVEMENT

24. TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP IS THE MOST APPROPIATE STYLE OF ACHIEVING TEACHER’S PERFORMANCES BEYOND THEIR USUAL LIMITS, AND IN DEVELOPING TEACHER’S POTENTIAL. • EMPLOYEE OF A MANUACTURING FIRM HAVE GREATER SATISFACTION WITH TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND VIEWED THE APPROACH AS MORE EFFECTIVE

25. TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADER BEHAVIOUR HAS INFLUENCE ON SUBORDINATES’TRUST AND SATISAFCTION. THE CORE CHARACTERISTIC OF TRANSFORMATIONAL BEHAVIOUR – ‘INDIVIDUAL CONSIDEATION’AND ‘INTELECTUAL STIMULATION’ARE THE KEY DETERMINANTS OF TRUST AND SATISFACTION • LEADERS WHO EXHIBITS IDEALIZED ATTRIBUTES ALSO REPESENT THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF TRANSFORMATIONAL

26. LEADERSHIP – BECAUSE THEIR ASSOCIATES HAVE TRUST IN SUCH LEADERS, THEY EMULATE THE LEADERS’S BEHAVIOUR,THEY ASSUME THE VALUES THE LEADER PORTRAY, AND THEY ARE COMMITTED TO ACHIEVING THE LEADER’S VISION, EVEN IF SACRIFICES AE NECESSARY. (MEMERLUKAN CONTOH DAPATKAN KAJIAN SEKITAR THN 1990-an)

27. RUMUSAN BURNS (1978) DAN BASS (1985) PREFERED TO STUDY‘EXTRA ORDINARY LEADERS’ THE LEADERS FOCUS ON THE INDIVIDUALS DEVELOPMENT OF SUBORDINATES, EXNCHANGE THEIR PERFORMANCES WHICH INTURN LEADS TO ORGANIZATION ‘GROWTH’

28. WHAT ARE THE RESULT OF THISKIND OF LEADERSHIP? Evidence of the effect transformational leadership, according to Leithwood, is “uniformly positive.” He cites two findings from his own studies: (1) transformational leadership practices have a sizable influence on teacher collaboration, and (2) significant relationships exist between aspect of transformational leadership and teachers’ own reports of changes in both attitudes toward school improvement and altered instructionl behavior. Segiovanni suggest that student achievement can be “remarkably improved”by such leadership.

29. EXAMPLES OF STRATGIES TO PRACTICE TRANFORMATIONL LEADERSHIP • Visit each classroom everyday; assist in classroom ,encourage teachers to visit one another’s classes. • Help teachers work smarter by seeking different interpretations and checking out assumptions; place individual problems in the larger perspective of the whole school; avoid commitment to preconceived solutions; clarify and summarize key points during meeting; and keep the group on task but do not impose own perspective.

30. Use action research teams or school improvement teams as a way of sharing power. Give everyone responsibilities and involve staff in governance functions. For those not participating, ask them to be in charge f a committee. • Find the good things that are happening and publicly recognize the work of staff and students who have contributed to school improvement. Write private notes to teachers expressing appreciation for special efforts.

31. Survey the staff often about their wants and needs. Be receptive to teachers’ attitudes and philosophies. Use active listening and show people you truly care about them. • Let teachers experiment with new ideas. Share and discuss research with them. Propose questions for people to think about. • Bring workshops to your school where it’s comfortable for staff to participate. Get teachers to share their talents with one another. Give a workshop yourself and share information with staff on conference that you attend.

32. When hiring new staff, let them know you want them actively involved in school decision – making; hire teachers with a commitment to collaboration. • Have high expectations for the teachers and students, but don’t expect 100 percent if you aren’t also willing to give the same. Tell teachers you wan them to be the best teachers they possibly can be.

33. Use bureaucratic mechanism to support teachers, such as finding money for a project or providing time for collaborative planning during the workday. Protect teachers from the problems of limited time, excessive paperwork, and demands from other agencies. • Let teachers know they are responsible for all students, not just their own classes.