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Anatomy & Physiology

Anatomy & Physiology. Skeletal System. Skeletal System Facts. Provides protection, support, & movement Ligaments attach bone to bone Tendons attach muscle to bone Bone marrow produces RBC’s & WBC’s 206 bones in the body Leukemia = cancer of the blood cells

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Anatomy & Physiology

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  1. Anatomy & Physiology Skeletal System

  2. Skeletal System Facts • Provides protection, support, & movement • Ligaments attach bone to bone • Tendons attach muscle to bone • Bone marrow produces RBC’s & WBC’s • 206 bones in the body • Leukemia = cancer of the blood cells • Largest bone in the body = femur

  3. Skeletal System Facts • Vertebrae are only found in the spine • Smallest bones in the body = ear (malleus, incus, stapes) • Clavicle is the most commonly broken bone • Exercising & high calcium foods build strong bones

  4. Skeletal System • 2 Components • Axial skeleton • Appendicular skeleton

  5. Axial Skeleton • Consists of skull, spinal column, bony ribs • Skull (cranial bones & facial bones) • Facial bones • Mandible (lower jaw) • Maxillae (upper jaw) • Hard palate (roof of mouth) • Zygomatic (cheek bone) • Orbit (eye socket; very thin; easily broken)

  6. Cranium (Protects brain) • Frontal bone (forehead; very strong) • Temporal bone (sides of skull; weakest) • Occipital bone (back of the skull; spinal cord passes through) • Parietal bone (top portion; largest bone)

  7. Fontanels • Soft, flexible regions where suture lines meet • Close @ 18 months

  8. Spinal Column • Provides support for the head; attachment of the ribs • Vertebrae – individual bones • Cervical spine (C1 to C7) • Thoracic spine (T1 to T12) • Lumbar spine (L1 to L5) {Carry entire weight}

  9. Thoracic Cage • Ribs, cartilage, & sternum (breastbone) • Protects heart / lungs / kidneys • Xiphoid process = bony prominence @ bottom of sternum • Ribs • True ribs (7 pair) {Protect heart, lungs} • False ribs (3 pair) {Protect liver, spleen, pancreas} • Floating ribs (2 pair) {Protect kidneys)

  10. Appendicular System • Shoulder girdle, arms, pelvic girdle, & legs • Shoulder girdle • Clavicle & scapula • Arms • Upper arm (humerus) • Forearm (ulna / radius) • Hand • Carpal – wrist • Metacarpal – hand • Phalanges - fingers

  11. Pelvic Girdle • Supports abdominal organs • Girdle consists of 3 bones • illium (hip bone) • Ischium (supports weight as you sit) • Pubis (pelvic ring)

  12. Legs • Upper leg = Femur • Patella = knee cap; connected by tendons • Lower leg = Tibia & Fibula • Foot • Tarsal (Ankle) • Metatarsal (Foot) • Phalanges (Toes)

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