The five kingdoms of organisms

1. The five kingdoms of organisms Prokaryotes Protoctists Fungi Plants animals

2. Prokaryotes • Prokaryotes include bacteria and blue-greeb algae (also known as cyanobacteria) • They are very tiny and can only be seen with the high power of a light microscope.

3. Prokaryotes characteristics • They consist of a single cell but do not have any true nucleus ,mitochondia or chloroplasts. • They exist in air,water,soil or inside other organisms.

4. Example • Some of them cause diseases. • E.G.Cholera , meningitis and tetanus . • bacteria

5. Protoctist • Protoctists are usually tiny and can be seen with the low powder of a light microscope. • Protoctist

6. Protoctists characteristics • Most of them consist of a single cell with a true nucleus but some aremulticellular. • Some are plant-like and some are animal-like.

7. Example • Examples include Amoeba , Paramecium , trypanosoma ,algae , slime moulds. • Amoeca

8. Fungi Characteristics • Fungi are made up of a single cell or thread-like structures called hyphae, which may be interwoven to form mushroom-like structures. • Like plants, they have cell wall and do not move . But unlike plants , they have no chlorophyll to make their own food and do not have any roots , stems or leaves • They are usually saprophyticor parastic and live on soil or inside other organisms, especially plants.

9. Examples • Examples include bread mould , Penicillium, yeast and mushtoom. • YEAST

10. Classification of Animals Vertebrates Invertebrates

11. Vertebrates • Vertebrates are animals with a backbone. The backbone is a long hard structure running along the back of these animals and is made up of many small bones called vertebre.It is also called a vertebral column.

12. Vertebrates features • Some of them--- fish : They bodies are covered by slimy scales. They have fins for balance and movement. They bodies are streamlined to aid movement. They breathe with gills.

13. features Amphibians : They have wet , slimy skins but no scales. They have four limbs when they are adult.

14. features • Reptiles : • They have skin covered by hard , dry scales. • They breathe with lungs.

15. features • Birds : • They have feathers on their bodies and dry scales on their legs. • Most can fly with wings but some cannot. • They breathe with lungs.

16. Invertebrates • Invertebrates are animals without any backbone. Most of them are small. The following are some examples of invertebrates.

17. Examples • jellyfish : it lives in the sea. • Freshwater flatworm: It lives in ponds and streams. • Earthworm : It has a tube-like body with segments.

18. Classification of plants Flowering plants Non-flowering plants

19. Flowering plants • Flowering plants are divded into momocotyledonous plants and dicotyledonous plants , usually abbreviated to monocots or monocotyledons , and dicots or dicotyledons respectively.

20. Monocotyledonous plants • They have only one seed leaf in the seeds. • Their leaves usually have parallel veins. • They are mostly herbs.

21. Dicotyledonous plants • They have two seed leaves in the seeds. • Their leaves habe a network of veins. • They can be trees, shrubs and herbs.

22. Non-flowering plants • Non-floweringplants are divded into mosses, ferns and gymnosperms.

23. mosses • They are small plants with simple stems and leaves , but no roots. • They have chorolhyll but no vascular tissue.

24. Ferns • They are small plants with true roots , stems and leaves. • They have large leaves called fronds . The leaflets on either sides are called the pinnae.

25. gymnosperms • They are large plants with roots , stems, leaves and vascular tissue. • Most of them have needle-shaped leaves.