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Causes and Consequences of the Protestant Reformation

Causes and Consequences of the Protestant Reformation. Dr. Afxendiou Sachem North High School. CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION. SOCIAL. POLITICAL. ECONOMIC. RELIGIOUS. The Renaissance values of humanism and secularism led people to question the Church

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Causes and Consequences of the Protestant Reformation

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  1. Causes and Consequences of the Protestant Reformation Dr. Afxendiou Sachem North High School

  2. CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION SOCIAL POLITICAL ECONOMIC RELIGIOUS • The Renaissance values of humanism and secularism led people to question the Church • The printing press helped to spread ideas critical of the Church • Powerful monarchs challenged the Church as the supreme power of Europe • Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority • European princes and kings were jealous of the Church’s wealth • Merchants and others resented having to pay taxes to the Church • Some Church leaders had become worldly and corrupt • Many people found Church practices such as the sale of indulgences unacceptable

  3. Luther • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ijjbtcAEOnY • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4piapxaT0k

  4. ROMAN CATHOLIC EASTERN ORTHODOX ROMAN CATHOLIC PROTESTANT LUTHERAN ANGLICAN CALVINIST CONSEQUENCES • Christian church in Europe is forever divided – end of unity EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC EASTERN ORTHODOX EASTERN ORTHODOX EASTERN ORTHODOX EASTERN ORTHODOX EASTERN ORTHODOX EASTERN ORTHODOX EASTERN ORTHODOX EASTERN ORTHODOX EASTERN ORTHODOX EASTERN ORTHODOX EASTERN ORTHODOX ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC PROTESTANT PROTESTANT PROTESTANT PROTESTANT PROTESTANT PROTESTANT PROTESTANT PROTESTANT LUTHERAN LUTHERAN LUTHERAN LUTHERAN LUTHERAN LUTHERAN LUTHERAN LUTHERAN LUTHERAN LUTHERAN LUTHERAN LUTHERAN LUTHERAN ANGLICAN ANGLICAN ANGLICAN ANGLICAN ANGLICAN ANGLICAN ANGLICAN ANGLICAN ANGLICAN ANGLICAN ANGLICAN ANGLICAN CALVINIST CALVINIST CALVINIST CALVINIST CALVINIST CALVINIST CALVINIST CALVINIST CALVINIST CALVINIST CALVINIST

  5. Religious Conflicts • Civil Wars in England, France and German States • French religious wars (1562-1598) • Huguenots (French Protestants) vs. Catholics

  6. Decline of Catholic Church Power • Individual monarchs and states gained power as Church power declined • Paved the way for the rise of nation-states

  7. Causes • Humanism led people to question church authority • Some clergy were corrupt and interested in worldly gain • Martin Luther posted 95 Theses protesting indulgences • The Printing press helped spread Reformation ideas • Effects • Many new Protestant churches develop • Catholic Church began reforms • Religious intolerance and anti-Semitism increase • Religious conflicts spread across Europe

  8. CONSEQUENCES 2. Anglican Church formed

  9. KING HENRY VIIIA RADICAL REFORMER • Originally he denounced Luther and his stance against the Catholic Church • But then… he wanted a divorce from his wife, Catherine of Aragon and the Pope said NO! • Catholic religion does not permit divorce • If the church was not going to give him a divorce he would just take over the church • He became the head of the Church of England or the Anglican Church and broke away from the Pope’s control – another Protestant church!

  10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3EGzHsye71c

  11. CONSEQUENCES 3. The Counter-Reformation – the Catholic Church attempts to keep the faithful

  12. Council of Trent Reforms Counter Reformation Missionary work Ignatius of Loyola Inquisition Establish schools

  13. 2) Church Leaders Reformed the Church (Cont’d) • Council of Trent • Convened by Pope Paul III in 1545. • Delegates examined criticisms made by Protestants of the Catholic Church • Addressed the abuses of the church: • Corruption of the church • Training of priests was regulated • Financial abuse was curbed • Sale of indulgences was abolished

  14. Religious Orders • Jesuits • “Society of Jesus” • Renewed church’s emphasis of spirituality and service. • Founded by Ignatius of Loyola • Basque Nobleman and former soldier. • Concentrated on education as a means of combating the Protestant Reformation.

  15. Spanish and Italian Inquisitions • Spain: persecution of Mariscos (Christian Moors) & Marranos (Christian Jews) • Succeeded in bringing southern German and eastern Europe back to Catholicism • Sacred Congregation of the Holy Order, 1542, in papal states: Roman Inquisition • Index of Prohibited Books: catalogue of forbidden reading • Ended heresy in Papal States; rest of Italy not affected significantly

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