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Focus On Grammar Book 2, 5 th edition

Focus On Grammar Book 2, 5 th edition. Lesson 10: Gerunds and Infinitives (difficult and boring, but Lesson 11 , Adjective Clauses, is coming soon!). 9.0 – Overview of Gerunds and Infinitives.

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Focus On Grammar Book 2, 5 th edition

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  1. Focus On GrammarBook 2, 5th edition Lesson 10: Gerunds and Infinitives (difficult and boring, but Lesson 11, Adjective Clauses, is coming soon!)

  2. 9.0 – Overview of Gerunds and Infinitives • There are some rules, but this chapter calls on your ability to memorize. This is much worse than memorizing irregular verbs, but just as important. • Page 325  He admitted eating rice. • Page 338  He decided to eat rice. • http://www.esl2000.com/grammar/gerundinfinitive.html

  3. 10.1 Gerund Overview • A Gerund (and a gerund phrase) is a verb that is used as a noun. • Pizza is good. Soccer is good. Surfing is good. Eating rice is good. • It looks just like the present participle, which is used with BE in the progressive tenses) • Eateating; playplaying; writewriting • Since it is a noun, it can be found any place we find nouns. (subject, object, object of a prep.)

  4. 10.6 – Infinitive Overview • After CERTAIN verbs, adjectives • After expressions with “it”. • Writing well is important. • It is important to write well. • As the Infinitive of Purpose • Why does he work very hard? • He works (in order) to make a lot of money.

  5. 10.2 Gerund as subject • If you want to put a verb in the subject, use a gerund or gerund phrase. • Gerunds are non-count, like water and rice, so give it a singular verb. • A lot of writing is good practice. • Writing many essays is important. • Visiting many stores has advantages. • Speaking many languages makes our brain strong.

  6. 10.7 - ??Infinitive as Subject?? • ….. I wouldn’t call this a subject… • ?Delayed Subject? • Most of these can be real subjects if the INFINITIVE is used. • “For someone to verb” can’t be switched around easily; this is a useful construction.

  7. 10.3 – Gerund After CERTAIN verbs • This is a list you need to memorize • All these “GO” activities can be used without “go” • I mind, I don’t mind, I put off, I can’t help…

  8. 10.9 - Infinitive after CERTAIN verbs • This is another list you need to memorize

  9. 10.10 - Infinitive or Gerund after CERTAIN verbs • Some verbs can take either one • This is another list you need to memorize (page 340)

  10. 10.4 – A gerund after prepositions • NEVER use the infinitive after a preposition • I am accustomed to pizza. • I am accustomed to seeing movies late at night. • [I am accustomed to to see movies…] • You need to choose the correct preposition • Study page 327 • A good dictionary should have examples with different prepositions (care) • To care for, to take care of, to care about, in care of…

  11. 10.5 – Gerunds inAdverbial Phrases • This is similar to (but not the same as) the gerund phrases in 7.11 • Same with a time preposition (when, after, before) • Different with by, without

  12. 10.6 – Infinitive Overview • After CERTAIN verbs, adjectives • After expressions with it. • Writing well is important. • It is important to write well. • As the Infinitive of Purpose • Why does he work very hard? • He works (in order) to make a lot of money.

  13. 10.7 - ??Infinitive as Subject?? • ….. I wouldn’t call this a subject… • ?Delayed Subject? • Most of these can be real subjects if the INFINITIVE is used. • “For someone to verb” can’t be switched around easily; this is a useful construction.

  14. 10.8 – Infinitive after Adjective • Some adjectives can be followed by an infinitive…

  15. 10.9 - Infinitive after CERTAIN verbs • This is another list you need to memorize

  16. 10.10 - Infinitive or Gerund after CERTAIN verbs • Some verbs can take either one • This is another list you need to memorize

  17. 10.11 – Objects with infinitives • We often have an object before these verbs. 10.12 – The Infinitive of Purpose • = “In Order To” • 42  [I came to America for studying.] • I came to America to study.

  18. 10.13 – BE USED TO noun& USED TO verb • This has nothing to do with gerunds and infinitives, except that we use the gerund after “BE used to” • BE/GET USED TO: • She is used to spicy food. (accustomed to) • She was used to working long hours. • USED TO – use the base form after this modal • She used to write essays very well. • She used to eat spicy food

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