Imperialism and Progressivism

1. Imperialism and Progressivism Unit 4

2. Q1-Explain how the desire for new markets led to support for imperialism. • Building Support for Imperialism • Post Civil War and America • Reconstruction • Desire for New Markets • While America was focused on expansion inward European countries were spreading and expanding overseas • Imperialism • Protectorates • Feeling of Superiority • Applying Social Darwinism to Nations • Writer John Fiske takes Social Darwinism further • Josiah Strong was popular American minister in the Anglo-Saxonism to Christian missionary ideas • Imperialism • Protectorarte • Anglo-Saxonism • Josiah Strong KEY TERMS

3. Q2-Describe U.S. involvement in Japan, Hawaii, and Latin America. • Expansion in the Pacific • It was only natural for Americans to continue their westward expansion overseas • Before imperialism became popular Americans began expanding overseas through the Pacific • Early 1880s dozens of ships were traveling the long trip to China every year • Perry Opens Japan • American leaders believed trade from Japan and China would be financially profitable • In 1852 after several petitions from Millard Fillmore to persuade Japan to trade with the U.S. • July 8, 1853 four American warships under Perry’s command entered Yedo bay • Annexing Hawaii • As trade grew between China and Japan America became interested in Hawaii • Americans quickly realized the climate was perfect for producing sugar cane • Trade treaty led to economic boom in sugar industry • Tensions between the planters and Hawaiians mounted • Congress McKinley Tariff 1890 • Relations with Latin America • Although United States bought raw materials from Latin America • James G. Blaine served as Secretary of State in two administrations in the 1880s led early efforts to expand American influence in region • Blaine proposed conference of Latin American nation and United States to discuss ways to increase trade and support peace • Latin American Conference • Blaine had two goals • Matthew C. Perry • McKinley Tariff • King Kalakaua • Queen Liliuokalani • USS Boston • Grover Cleveland • Pan-Americanism • James G. Blaine KEY TERMS

4. Q3-Discuss the creation of the United States Navy. • Building A Modern Navy • Germany vs. America • Samoan Islands (1888) • Alfred T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History 1670-1783 • Senators Take Up the Cause • Henry Cabot Lodge and Alfred J. Beveridge • Reasons for Navy • Using Naval Power 1898 • Woodrow Wilson • Mexican Revolution • Porfirio Diaz • Francisco Madero • Huerta • Carranza • John J. Pershing • Pancho Villa KEY TERMS

5. Q4-List the events that led to the American victory during Spanish-American War. • The Cuban Rebellion Begins • Early attempts at Rebellion • Americans Support the Cubans • Stories were printed in two of the nations major newspapers • William Randolph Hearst • Joseph Pulitzer • Calling out for War • Spain's concession enraged Cuban loyalists • Two Front War • METT-T • Philippines • Commodore George Dewey • American Forces in Cuba • New Empire is Born • Debate over Annexation • December 10, 1898 Treaty of Paris • Rebellion in Philippines • Governing Puerto Rico • Cuba and the Platt Amendment • Maine • Jose Marti • William Randolph Hearst • Yellow Journalism • Joseph Pulitzer • Jingoism • Theodore Roosevelt • Emilio Aguinaldo • George Dewey • Rough Riders • Kettle Hill • San Juan Hill • Platt Amendment

6. Q5-Explain how Theodore Roosevelt’s fame grew due to his military achievements. • Theodore’s Rise to Power • Spanish American War • Election of 1900 • McKinley vs. William Jennings Bryan • McKinley’s Assassination • Roosevelt becomes President Leon Czolgosz Sphere of Influence Open Door Policy Boxer Rebellion Great White Fleet

8. Q6-Show how President Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” diplomacy applied to the United States foreign relations. • American Diplomacy in Asia • Open Door Policy • The Boxer Rebellion • Balancing Power in East Asia • A Growing Presence in the Caribbean • Revolt in Panama • Roosevelt Corollary Panama Canal Hay-Pauncefote Treaty Dollar diplomacy Bunau-Varilla Roosevelt Corollary

9. Q7-Explain the goals of Progressivism. • Rise of Progressivism • Types of Reforms • Who were the Progressives • Muckrakers • Ida Tarbell • Jacob Riis Progressivism Muckrakers Lincoln Steffens Jacob Riis Frederick Taylor

10. Q8-Describe the changes made in local, state, and federal government. • Making Government Efficient • Scientific Management and City Government • Developed late 1800’s and popularized by Frederick Taylor in his book, The Principles of Scientific Management in 1911 • Commission Plan • Mayor Council Form • Council Manager Form • Commission Form • Laboratory of Democracy • Robert La Follette • Recall • Initiative • Referendum • Direct Election of Senators • 17th Amendment Commission Plan Mayor-Council Form Commission Form Council-Manager Form Laboratory of Democracy Robert La Folette Direct Primary Initiative Legislation Referendum Recall Frederick Taylor

11. Mayor-Council Form Approval Appoints

12. Commission Form

13. Q9-Outline the events that brought on the woman’s suffrage movement. • The Suffrage Movement • Early Problems • The suffrage movement got off to a slow start • Years before the Civil War they prepared to end slavery and less to work for woman suffrage • After the Civil War • Debate over 14th and 15th split the suffrage movement into two groups • National Woman’s Suffrage Association led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony • American Women’s Suffrage Association led by Julia Ward Howe and Lucy Stone • The Movement Builds Support • 1890 the two united forming the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA) • Alice Paul, Quaker social worker who headed NAWSA’s Congressional Committee had organized the march • In 1915 Carrie Chapman Catt, ISU graduate became leader of NAWSA • 19th Amendment Suffrage Seneca Falls AWSA/NWSAAlice Pau Carrie Chapman Catt

14. Q10-Identify the reason progressives supported Social welfare reforms. • Social Welfare Progressivism • Campaigns against Child Labor • Probably the most emotional Progressive issue was child labor • 1900 1.7 million children under the age of 16 worked outside home • 1904 the National Child Labor Committee was established and worked to abolish child labor • Muckraker John Spargo’s 1906 book, the Bitter Cry of the Children provided detailed evidence of child labor conditions • Told of coal mines where thousands of breaker boys were hired at age 9 • Health and Safety Codes • Many adult workers also labored in difficult conditions • Factories, coal mines, and railroads, were particularly dangerous • For example in 1911 a terrible fire swept through Triangle Shirtwaist Company in New York City • During early 1900’s thousands of people died or were injured on the job but they and their families received little compensation • Some progressives are favored zoning laws as a method of protecting the public • The Prohibition Movement • Many believed alcohol was responsible for many problems in American society • Settlement house workers hated the effects of drinking on families • Scarce wages were spent on alcohol and drinking sometimes led to physical abuse and sickness • Many Christians also opposed drinking • Some workers believed drinking hurt workers efficiency, while political reformers viewed the saloon as the informal headquarters of the political machines they opposed • Temperance movement, which advocated the moderation or elimination of alcohol emerged from these concerns • For most part women led the temperance movement • 1874 group of women formed the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) John Spargo National Child Labor Committee Temperance Prohibition Socialism Sherman Anti-Trust Act

15. Q11-Identify how President Roosevelt used arbitration to settle the coal strike on 1902, analyzing how Roosevelt’s lawsuits affected the establishment of future trusts. • Roosevelt’s Domestic Policy and “Square Deal” • Takes on Trusts • Northern Securities • Coal Strike 1902 and Arbitration • United Mine Workers Demands • Mine Owners Feelings • Supreme Court Case • Arbitration • Bureau of Corporation • Department of Commerce and Labor • Gentlemen’s Agreement • Hepburn Act and ICC

16. Q12-Identify how Upton Sinclair’s, The Jungle contributed to the passage of the Meat Inspection Act. • Consumer Protection • Samuel Hopkins Adams, Collier’s • Dr. W.H. Wiley • 1906 Upton Sinclair and The Jungle • Roosevelt’s Response • Meat Inspection Act, 1906 • Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906

17. Q13-Explain how Taft experienced difficulties as president but continued the Progressive reform movement. • Taft Becomes President • New Approach to Government • Payne-Aldrich Tariff • Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy • Angered Progressives • Taft’s Progressive Reforms • Trust Busting • Bureau of Children • Conservationist • Roosevelt’s ANGER!

18. Q14-Describe the political campaigns of 1912, comparing new nationalism to new freedom. • Election of 1912 • Candidates • Republican • Democrat • Bull Moose • Wilson’s Ideology • New Nationalism v. New Freedom

19. Q15-Explain how Wilson continues progressive reforms. • Wilson Years and Progressive Reform • Reforming Tariffs • Reforming Banks • Federal Reserve System • Antitrust Action • Clayton Antitrust Act • Federal Aid and Social Welfare • Keating-Owens Child Labor Act • Adamson Act • Federal Farm Loan

20. Q16-Explain the limits of progressive reform.