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The Mongols

Explore the nomadic lifestyle of the Mongols on the Asian Steppe, their trade practices, and the ruthless yet fair rule of Genghis Khan that shaped an empire from China to Poland. Discover the impact of the Pax Mongolica, trade routes, and the exchange of ideas between Europe and Asia during this pivotal period in history.

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The Mongols

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  1. The Mongols Ms. Ha Chapter 12 Section 2

  2. I. The Mongols • Nomadic tribe 1. Lived on the Asian Steppe a. Vast (large) grassland b. Varies in degrees from –57 degrees to +96 degrees

  3. 2. Nomads: travel, no permanent settlement • a) Pastoralists: herded domesticated animals • b) In search of good pastures • c) Sheep were most common • d) Used for wool and meat

  4. 3. Nomads traded horses for: • a) Grain • b) Metal • c) Cloth • d) Tea

  5. II. Genghis Khan “Universal ruler” • Mongol: Temujin “steel” (He was Genghis Khan) • 1. Rise up from poverty / noble birth • 2. Rule the Mongols until death of illness in 1227 • 3. Estimated 40 million killed / ruthless • 4. Fair to those he conquered • a) No enforced beliefs on them • b) Mongols even adopted cultures of others

  6. B. Genghis the Conqueror • 1. Brilliant Organizer • 2. Great Strategist: used tricks • 3. Used cruelty as a weapon • a) Kill entire villages / No survivors • “In the countries that have not yet been overrun by them, everyone spends the night afraid that they may appear there too.” – Arab Historian

  7. 4. Under Genghis Khan, less than 50 years • a) Conquered land from China to Poland • b) His sons/grandsons took over after his death • c) Went as far as the Adriatic Sea (by Italy) • d) Split region into four regions, weakened • e) Split due to cultural differences

  8. III. Impact of Genghis khan • Negative 1. Many areas never recovered 2. Irrigation systems in Mesopotamia ruined • Positive 1. Did not push beliefs on those conquered 2. Adopted some of the cultures of the conquered C. Peace: PaxMongolica 1. Mongols guaranteed safe passage 2. Trade caravans, travelers, missionaries

  9. IV. Trade • Europe and Asia: very active in trade 1. Ideas and Inventions- abundant 2. Gunpowder reached Europe 3. Possible Bubonic Plague: spread along trade routes 4. “Black Death”

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