AIM: Were the Mongols really Barbarians?

1. AIM: Were the Mongols really Barbarians?

2. DO NOW • What do you notice about the people this picture? Create a list of things you notice

3. Just Who WERE the Mongols Anyway? • The Mongols are an Asiatic people that originate from a region to the north of China and south of Russia. • They are a mostly nomadic people, masters of horseback riding. • The Mongols founded the largest empire in history, larger even than Rome.

4. How did Genghis Khan Rise? • In 1167 AD, a man named Temujin was born, better known as Genghis Khan. • Through tribal warfare and innovative tactics, Genghis Khan was able to unite the Mongol tribes. • Genghis means “Oceanic” or “Powerful,” a reference to the territory he conquered, and his military ability (Ocean to Ocean). • He was also known as the “Khan of Khans” (King of Kings)

7. How did they build an Empire? • After uniting the Mongol tribes, Genghis Khan turned his military force outward, and conquered China, Persia and parts of European Russia. • After subjugating (conquering) a native people, the Mongols established a system of governors, maintaining the society and government of the region. • Genghis established a code of law called the “Great Yasa.” His son Ogodeiwas appointed to enforce the law.

8. What was the Great Yasa? • The Great Yasa was a definitive code of Mongol Laws. • Some of the laws were: • Priests, lawyers, scholars and doctors were tax exempt • Mongols shall have no honorary title. • It is forbidden to make peace with an enemy who has not been beaten nor beaten you. • Do not pollute water • Do not get drunk more than a few times a month • Outlawed slavery • Established Taxes

9. How did the mongols Conquer the World? • Helping the Mongols in forging an Empire were aspects of their nomadic lifestyle. • Their greatest strengths were their mobility, their ability on horseback and their skill in using a bow and arrow. • They had a very large, well organized military. • The military was organized according to the decimal system with groups of ten, one hundred, one thousand and ten thousand. Each group elected their own leader. • Any man can rise through the ranks to leadership. This was Social Mobility.

11. What Made the Mongols Powerful? • The groups of Ten Thousand did not have elected leaders. Their leaders were picked by the Khan, to ensure loyalty. If they did not perform well, they were replaced. • Mongols used advanced military tactics to ensure their victory. • Among these strategies were a mock retreat that led enemy armies into traps and an elite group of suicide warriors that would charge into enemy armies and attack. • When their enemies were weak, they would send a group of horsemen to force the enemy to retreat.

14. SO What DID Genghis Khan Look Like? • Genghis Khan had, according to accounts from his day, red hair and green eyes. • To this day, certain Mongol tribes have a prevalence of people with green eyes and red hair. • One in 200 people is related to Genghis Khan. (.5% of the global population)

15. So WERE the Mongols Barbarians? • Under the definitions established by the neolithic revolution, Mongols were both civilized and uncivilized • Uncivilized – they remained nomadic • Civilized – They had domesticated animals

16. AIM: What Happened to the Mongols? Do Now: List FIVE (5) traits the Mongols have that helped them build an empire

18. Mongol Invasion of Europe • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiLTX_2-560&feature=related

19. So Who Took Over for Genghis Khan? • Genghis Khan died in 1227. The location of his tomb is still unknown. • Each of his four sons with his Empress became leaders of a region. • The sons were equal in their rule, however Ogedei Khan took over as the head of the Empire.

20. What were The 3 Khanates? • A Khanate is a kingdom ruled by the Mongols. • The Khanate of the Golden Horde was a kingdom established in Russia, Hungary and Bulgaria. • The Khanate was established by Genghis Khan’s grandson Batu.

21. Batu and the Golden Horde • Batu was the grandson of Genghis Khan, and founded the Khanate of the Golden Horde. • This empire was based in western Russia, and was a major factor in uniting the Russian people. • The Russians gained advantages in trade and protection from the Golden Horde.

22. 2. The Il-Khanate • A man named Hulegu wanted to destroy the Abbasid Caliphate (kingdom). • The Abbasid Caliphate fell for several reasons. • The Caliph (King) was a Sunni Muslim, but he ruled over a Shia minority, as well as some Christian groups. They helped the invaders. • The Caliphate fell, and was replaced by the Il-Khanate,which took over the captured territory.

24. 3. The Yuan Dynasty • The Yuan Dynasty was founded in China, replacing the Song Dynasty. • The leader, Kublai Khan established his capital in modern day Beijing, China. • He built a magnificent palace for himself, the Forbidden City in Beijing. • European traveler Marco Polo met Kublai Khan on his journey to the Orient (East).

27. AIM: How did the Mongols Impact the World? Do Now: Pick ONE of the Khanates and write who founded it, as well as what area it was in.

29. The Forbidden City

30. http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/BeijingInfo/BJInfoTips/Beijingmaps/W020080430550811719164.jpghttp://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/BeijingInfo/BJInfoTips/Beijingmaps/W020080430550811719164.jpg

31. Who Was Tamerlane? • Tamerlane, also known asTimur, was a Mongol who converted to Islam. • In the 15th Century, Tamerlane converted his fellow Mongol rulers to Islam, and reunited the Il-Khanate and the Khanate of the Golden Horde under him. • He conquered India, and founded the Mughal Empire. • He returned to Genghis Khan’s inclusive religious policies, and had a large multi-ethnic army. • At his strongest, Tamerlane attempted to restore the Yuan Dynasty.

32. What did the Mongol Empire Do? • The Mongols built roads, and made water accessible to its populations. • Communications networks were reorganized and updated. • The Mongols encouraged trade, developing trade routes that linked China and Central Asia to Europe. • Granaries (storehouses) were built throughout their empire to protect against famine. • The Black Death (Bubonic Plague), starting in Central Asia, made its way into China and Europe because of the trade routes.

33. What Technology did the Mongols Share? • Printing Press • Paper making • Compass • Gunpowder (aka Black Powder • Because of Marco Poloand Muslim explorer Ibn Battuta these inventions spread to Europe and the Middle East • The Black Death originated in Asia, and spread to Europe through the Silk Road.

34. What Was the Black Death? • The Black Death also known as the Bubonic Plaguewas a highly contagious disease, carried by rats along the Silk Road. • It originated somewhere in Eastern Asia, and was used by the Chinese as an excuse to overthrow the Yuan Dynasty. • It eventually spread to Europe in the 1300s, and would kill between 75 to 200 MILLION PEOPLE

38. Why did the Mongols Decline? • The Chinese used the Mandate of Heaven to overthrow the Mongol rulers because of the Black Death. • The Pax Mongolia declined after the death of Kublai Khan in 1294, and the Silk Road closed. • The separation of the Mongol Empire into separate Khanates. • The Mongol Empire became too large to govern as a unified body, and the Mongols were better conquerors than administrators. • The final blow was the damage to the Khanates from the Black Death.

39. What happened during Mongol Decline? • When the Mongol empire declined, it left many power vacuums. • Charismatic leaders such as Ivan the Terrible rose to power in conquered areas. • A civil war broke out as old tribe rivalries resurfaced. • When the Mongol leaders died, the khanates fell into anarchy.

40. Mongol Empire • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZmx7eb6ldA • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N8ThtTWZ9k8&NR=1 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8oRDGRyC9AY&NR=1 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8BxbF_PfpLw&NR=1 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xtihpnWnHHg&NR=1 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUy-ZmtHv-E&NR=1