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Imperial China (589-1368 AD)

Imperial China (589-1368 AD). The Sui Dynasty (519-618 AD). Sui Wen-ti (dies 605 AD): Founder, Chinese-Turkic General Yang-ti (605-618 AD) Restores Confucianism Loses Nomad Support Defeat by Nomads and Korea Peasants and Generals Rise. Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD). Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD).

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Imperial China (589-1368 AD)

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  1. Imperial China (589-1368 AD)

  2. The Sui Dynasty (519-618 AD) • Sui Wen-ti (dies 605 AD): Founder, Chinese-Turkic General • Yang-ti (605-618 AD) • Restores Confucianism • Loses Nomad Support • Defeat by Nomads and Korea • Peasants and Generals Rise

  3. Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD)

  4. Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) • Centralized Government: Military Affairs, Censorate, Council of State • Centralized Land: Emperor owns all land; land users owe labor and grain taxes. Nobles embezzle land • Confucian system but Noble dominance

  5. Wu Zhao (626-ca 706 AD)

  6. Wu Zhao (626-ca 706 AD) • Originally a concubine to Emperor Taizong • Then marries his heir, Emperor Gaozong (649-683 AD) • He has a stroke (660 AD); she takes over • Emperor Ruizong (683-90)--Her Son, she Rules Over Him • Founds own ‘Zhou’ dynasty after she tires of him, rules in own name (690-705 AD)

  7. Emperor Xuan Zong (713-756 AD) • Census + Canal • Rules from Chang’an • 30 square miles • over 1 million people • Largest city on Earth in 8th century

  8. Tang Imperialism • War on Nomads • Nomad vs. Nomad • Defensive Fortifications • Tributary States • Absorbed Chinese Culture • Country collapses in last decades due to warlords

  9. Tang Culture • Secular vs. Buddhists • Golden Age of Buddhism / Tiantai Sect • Maitreya Devotion--Buddha of Future • Pure Land Buddhism • Zen Buddhism • Secular Confucian Scholars • Li Bo (701-762 AD): BEER!!!!! • Du Fu (712-770 AD): Life = PAIN

  10. The Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD)

  11. Song Dynasty • Agricultural Revolution • Aristocrats in Decline • New Methods and Crops • Better Rice • Fertilizers • Tea and Cotton • Rise of District Magistrates • Rise of Scholar Gentry

  12. Commercial Revolution of the Song • Emergence of the Yangzi Basin • New Technologies: • Coal and Iron-Smelting • Printing with Carved Blocks and Seals • Abacus • Gunpowder • Textiles • Porcelains

  13. Commercial Revolution of the Song • Rise of Money (copper and Silver) • Rising Trade • Vastly Growing Cities • Trade is Regional, some international

  14. Aristocracy to Autocracy • Growing Central Power • Triple Tang Revenues • Aristocracy Fading • Rising Examination System • Rising Scholar Gentry

  15. Song Culture • Philosophy: • Zhu Xi (1130-1200 AD) and Neo-Confucianism • Poetry • Su Dungpo (1037-1101): Poet and Official • 2700 Poems, 800 Letters • Tang and Lyric styles • Painting and Calligraphy; No Room For Error

  16. The Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368 AD)

  17. The Mongol World Empire (13th-14th Century AD) • Mongols = 3.5 million Horse Nomad Polytheists • Temujin -- Genghis Khan (1167-1227 AD) • Unites Mongol Tribes • Organizes by 10 / 100 / 1000 • Recruits Specialists From Conquests • Religiously Tolerant

  18. The Khanates • Empire of the Great Khan - Ögedei Khan • Mongol homeland (present day Mongolia, including Karakorum) - Tolui Khan • Chagatai Khanate - Chagatai Khan, (Central Asia and northern Iran) • Khanate of the Golden Horde (Russian Steppes)

  19. Mongol Rule in China • Beijing -- 1227 AD • 1241--North all taken • Kublai Khan (1260-1294 AD) • 1271--Yuan Dynasty Proclaimed • Bureaucracy or Horse Pasture? • 400,000 Mongols in China • Mongols form upper ruling class

  20. Foreign Contacts and China • Mongols are Cosmopolitan • Marco Polo?:Il Milione / The Travels of Marco Polo • Religious Contacts • Conservatism of the Chinese • Yuan Era Opera and Drama

  21. Fall of the Yuan • Regencies, Child Emperors and Weak Emperors • 10 Emperors in 1294-1368 • Ukhaatu Khan Flees: 1368 AD

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