The Principal Parts of Verbs, Irregular Verbs, and Verb Tenses

1. The Principal Parts of Verbs, Irregular Verbs, and Verb Tenses Unit: Verbs and Sentence Structure

2. The Principal Parts of Verbs • Verbs take different forms in order to indicate time. These forms of verbs are tenses. • “She talks about her plans” expresses action in the present. • “She talked about her plans” expresses action that occurred in the past. • To use the tenses correctly, you must know how to form the principal parts of verbs.

3. The Principal Parts of Verbs The Principal Parts of the Verb Talk • Present: talk • Present Participle: (am, is, are, was, were) talking • Past: talked • Past Participle: (have, has, had) talked

4. The Principal Parts of Verbs The Principal Parts of Regular Verbs • Present: most basic form of the verb • save • Present Participle: helping verb am, is, are, was, or were + verb with –ing ending • am saving • Past: verb with –ed ending • saved • Past Participle: helping verb have, has, or had + verb with –ed ending • have saved

5. The Principal Parts of Verbs The Principal Parts of Irregular Verbs • Irregular verbs do not follow the same pattern as regular verbs when forming the past and past participle. • You will need to memorize these exceptions. • When in doubt in your writing, look up the correct way to form the past and part participle of any verb.

13. Using Irregular Verbs To Run • Present: run • Present Participle: am running • Past: ran (not runned) • Past Participle: have run (not have runned) To Write • Present: write • Present Participle: am writing • Past: wrote • Past Participle: have written

14. Two Troublesome Irregular Verbs To Lay • Present: lay • Present Participle: am laying • Past: laid • Past Participle: have laid • Use to mean “to put something down” or “to place (something)” • Almost always followed by a direct object • The sailors laid their uniforms on the bed. To Lie • Present: lie • Present Participle: am lying • Past: lay • Past Participle: have lain • Use to mean “to rest in a reclining position” or “to be situated” • Never followed by a direct object • The sailors lay down on the narrow bunk.

15. Two Troublesome Irregular Verbs To Sit • Present: sit • Present Participle: am sitting • Past: sat • Past Participle: have sat • Use to mean “to be seated” or “to rest” • Usually not followed by a direct object. • We sat on the floor. To Set • Present: set • Present Participle: am setting • Past: set • Past Participle: have set • Use to mean “to put something in a certain place or position • Usually followed by a direct object. • He set the glasses gingerly in the sink.

16. Verb Tenses • In verbs, the tense shows the time of action or state of being. • Use the principal parts of verbs to form the six basic tenses. The Basic Verb Tenses • Present • I eat pizza often. • I always order from Pizza Hut. • Indicates action that happens over and over. • Principal part: present • Uses no helping verbs.

17. Verb Tenses The Basic Verb Tenses • Past • I ate pizza last night. • I ordered from Pizza Hut. • Indicates action that happened in the past. • Principal part: past • Uses no helping verbs • Future • I will eat pizza tonight. • I will order from Pizza Hut. • Indicates action that will happen in the future. • Principal part: present • Uses helping verb will

18. Verb Tenses The Perfect Verb Tenses: indicate that an action has been completed. • Present Perfect • I have eaten pizza many times. • He has ordered from Pizza Hut. • Indicates action completed often. • Principal part: past participle • Uses helping verbs have or has • Past Perfect • I had eaten pizza before you called. • He had ordered from Pizza Hut. • Indicates action completed in the past. • Principal part: past participle • Uses helping verb had

19. Verb Tenses The Perfect Verb Tenses: indicate that an action has been completed. • Future Perfect • I will have eaten pizza many times by the end of the year. • Indicates action that will be completed in the future. • Principal part: past participle • Uses helping verbs will and have

20. Verb Tenses The Progressive Forms: indicate an action that is in progress. • Present Progressive • I am eating pizza. • He is ordering from Pizza Hut. • Indicates action in process of being completed. • Principal part: present participle • Uses helping verbs am, is, are • Past Progressive • I was eating pizza when you called. • You were ordering from Pizza Hut. • Indicates action that was in the process of being completed in the past. • Principal part: present participle • Uses helping verb was or were

21. Verb Tenses • Future Progressive • I will be eating pizza for dinner tonight. • Indicates action that will be in process in the future. • Principal part: present participle • Uses helping verbs will and be

22. Verb Tenses The Progressive Perfect Forms: indicate completion of an ongoing action. • Present Perfect Progressive • I have been eating pizza since I was little. • Indicates action often in the process of being completed. • Principal part: present participle • Uses helping verbs have and been • Past Perfect Progressive • I had been eatingpizza, but I stopped • Indicates action was in process, but now is completed. • Principal part: present participle • Uses helping verb had and been

23. Verb Tenses • Future Perfect Progressive • On my net birthday, I will have been eating pizza for eleven years. • Indicates action that has been completed before but will be in progress in the future. • Principal part: present participle • Uses helping verbs: will, have, and been

24. Verb Tenses Now, why did we just learn all of this? • Because in your writing, you need to keep your tenses consistent. • Choose the best tense for the situation (past, present, or future) and be consistent throughout the entire piece.