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War of 1812

War of 1812. Economic Pressures. James Madison elected President in 1808 Wanted to avoid war with GB or Fr . US made different attempt to get GB & Fr. to remove trade restrictions Fr. finally did in 1811. War Hawks. Many Americans wanted war with GB

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War of 1812

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  1. War of 1812

  2. Economic Pressures • James Madison elected President in 1808 • Wanted to avoid war with GB or Fr. • US made different attempt to get GB & Fr. to remove trade restrictions • Fr. finally did in 1811

  3. War Hawks • Many Americans wanted war with GB • Most that wanted war were Southerners and Westerners • Southern planters & western farmers were hurt by trade restrictions • They earned most of their income by shipping crops • Am also blamed GB for stirring up the Native Americans • War Hawks-Senators from the South & West that voted for the war • Ex- Henry Clay (KY) & John C. Calhoun (SC)

  4. Tippecanoe • TECUMSEH • Native American leader that believed Nat. Amer. needed to unite to stop Americans from moving onto their land • Gov of IN territory, William Henry Harrison went to attack Prophetstown • Native Americans attack first • Fight near Tippecanoe river • Americans win • Battle of Tippecanoe makes many Native Americans flee to Canada • Many Americans are convinced GB encouraged the Native Americans • Madison declares war on GB in 1812

  5. The Americans Attack • Madison orders an invasion of Canada • 3 American armies invade • First is easily defeated. • The other 2 fall apart when the NY militia refuses to cross the border (they opposed the war) • VICTORY ON LAKE ERIE • 1813- Oliver Perry (Am. naval commander) builds a fleet on Lake Erie • US controlled the Great Lakes

  6. Native American Raids • Red Stick Creek- allies of GB • Attacked American settlers • Red Sticks attacked by militia at Burnt Corn Creek (Monroe County) • Red sticks win • Battle of Burnt Corn makes settlers realize they are vulnerable • Some settlers move to crude forts for protection • One is Fort Mims (in Baldwin County) • Creeks kill several 100 settlers

  7. Andrew Jackson- Horseshoe Bend • News of Ft. Mims spread to TN • Gov sends TN militia led by Andrew Jackson to help • Jackson moves south through Alabama attacking Creeks • By 1814, gets word of a large Creek group at Horseshoe Bend on Tallapoosa River • Attacks and defeats Creeks • Battle of Horseshoe Bend ends Native American resistance in the Southern US

  8. End of the War- Raids on Washington, DC • 1814- Napoleon’s France collapses • GB can now focus attention on the US • Planned to invade the US • GB landed troops and marched into Washington, DC • They burned the White House & Capitol • Next, they attacked Baltimore • Shelled Ft. McHenry all night, but it held • Br. withdrew

  9. Treaty of Ghent • Peace negotiations began in 1814, while fighting continued • Treaty signed on Dec. 24, 1814. • Restored prewar boundaries • Did little else

  10. The Battle of New Orleans • Fought in Jan, 1815, after Treaty of Ghent signed • Andrew Jackson defended the city for US • Am. soundly defeated the British • Jackson became a national hero • AFTERMATH • Increase US reputation overseas • Generated national unity and patriotism in the US

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