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Land Empires in the Age of Imperialism 1800-1870

Land Empires in the Age of Imperialism 1800-1870. What is going on around the world during this time period? The Ottoman Empire The Russian Empire The Qing Dynasty. Egypt. 1798 Napoleon invaded Egypt and was defeated

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Land Empires in the Age of Imperialism 1800-1870

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  1. Land Empires in the Age of Imperialism1800-1870 What is going on around the world during this time period? The Ottoman Empire The Russian Empire The Qing Dynasty

  2. Egypt • 1798 Napoleon invaded Egypt and was defeated • Muhammad Ali became the ruler of Egypt and used the French example of schools and military to build Egypt • Remained ruler until 1849 and his family held onto power until 1952

  3. Ottoman Empire SKETCH THE AREA OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE (TURKEY AND THE MIDDLE EAST) What do you remember about the Ottoman Empire?

  4. Ottoman Reform and the European Model 1807 - 1853 • Late 1700’s Sultan Selim III introduces reforms to standardize taxation and strengthen the military • This sparked a Janissary revolt in 1805 in Serbia leading to Serbia's independence • Selim suspended the reform program in 1806, too late for massive military uprising in Istanbul leading to his execution

  5. Ottomans Cont… • Sultan Muhammad II took over and led a series of reforms • Eliminating Janissaries • Reduction of political control by the religious elites • Creation of a new army • Justified the reforms because Greece separated from the Ottoman Empire in 1829

  6. Ottoman’s cont… • Abdul Mejid enacted the reforms in a program called the “Tanzimat” in 1839 • Military cadets were sent to France and Germany for training • Foreign teachers were employed in the schools to enforce European education • The Tanzimat stimulated growth and reform • New class of urban elites • Public rights were limited only to men

  7. The Crimean War 1853 – 1856Russian Empire vs. Ottoman Empire • Russia expanded south into the Ottoman Empire and tried to take Crimea (peninsula in the Black Sea) • France, Britain and the Ottomans made an alliance to defeat Russia- promoted through propaganda • Marked the transition from traditional to Modern warfare- • Percussion caps and breech-loading rifles were the beginning of changes to machine guns, railroads, and trench warfare. • After the Crimean War there was more of a dependence on Europe by the Ottomans- commercially and financially. • Causes problems: foreign dependency and lack of traditional Muslim (Islam) values.

  8. Russian Empire • In 1700 only 3% of Russians lived in cities • Russia lagged far behind industrialized nations • Russian expansion brought them into conflict with China, Japan, Iran, and the Ottoman Empire • After the Crimean War the new Tsar (Alexander II) was called upon to make major reforms

  9. The Qing Dynasty • Conquered China in 1600’s restoring peace and stability enabling the population of China to double between 1650-1800 • Huge population pushed various minority groups off the land causing discontent and internal rebellion starting with the White Lotus Rebellion of 1794

  10. Qing Empire and British Opium • British East India Company brings opium into China. • At first nothing is done but by 1839 Opium was causing harm • Lin Zexu leads Qing empire against the British Army • Qing Army was no match for the British and were forced to sign The Treaty of Nanking– Westerners gain control in small pockets of the Qing Territory.

  11. The Taiping Rebellion 1850 – 1864Social Unrest • Broke out in the Gaungxi Province where people were extremely poor and several ethnic groups • Hong Xiuquan was the leader who declared himself the younger brother of Jesus • Captured Nanjing in 1853 • The Qing defeated them with the help of British and French forces • Was one of the bloodiest civil wars with about 30 million deaths

  12. The Fall of the Qing 1864 - 1875 • The expenses of war expenses to the European nations the Qing found it impossible to get out of debt • Period that followed was called the Tongzhi Restoration • Provincial governors like Zeng Guofan looked to the United States as a model to reform the military, agriculture, and industry.

  13. Opium War 1839-1850 • Attempt to ban the trade of Opium by Europeans because of the harm being done to the people of China. • British defeated the Qing forces and made them sign the Treaty of Nanking resulting in small scale colonization of China by the British (i.e. Hong Kong)

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