Prof. Dr. Branimir Grgur Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Karnegijeva 4

1. Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Karnegijeva 4 11020, Belgrade Serbia BSEC –Hydrogen energy: Objectives and PerspectivesHydrogen energy in Serbia-cooperation of science, technology and practice Prof. Dr. Branimir Grgur Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Karnegijeva 4 11020, Belgrade, Serbia E-mail: BNGrgur@TMF.BG.AC.YU

2. Hydrogen in Serbia: Objectives Resources of hydrogen in Serbia Hydrogen based FUEL CELLS: - Reforming of: natural gas, bio gas, methanol - Water electrolysis Hydrogen storage and metal-hydride batteries -natural gas -bio gas -methanol -water electrolysis: electricity form RES and reversible hydro potentials

3. Science & Technology in Serbia: • Well equipped with standard electrochemical techniques, • Missing of the advanced characterization equipment, • Developed catalysts for the FUEL CELLS and WATER ELECTROLYSIS, kinetics of the reactions (H2, O2, methanol..): PtMo, PtRu, PtRe, PtCo, PtNi, Ru-based, Ni(Co, Fe)-based....... • Hydrogen storage (absorption alloys, metal-hydride batteries) • Existing study of the renewable energy potentials (solar and wind) in Serbia

4. Results: Scientific papers • B.N. Grgur, N.M. Markovic, P.N. Ross, On the Mechanism of CO Tolerance of Pt-Mo Alloy Electrcatalyst, Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on: Proton Conducting Membrane Fuel Cells II, Vol. 98-27S.Gottesfeld, T.F. Fuller (eds), The Electrochem. Soc. INC., Pennington, NJ, 1998, 176-185 • M. D. Obradović . B. N. Grgur, S. Lj. Gojković, Lj. M. Vračar, Enhancement of the electrochemical reduction of oxygen at platinum by nickel underpotential deposition  Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 11 (1) (2006) pp. 77-83 • B.Z. Jugović, T. Lj. Trišović, J.S. Stevanović, M.D. Maksimović, B.N. Grgur, Comparative studies of chloride and chloride/citrate based electrolytes for zinc–polyaniline batteries, Electrochim. Acta, 51(28) (2006) 6268-6274. • B.Z. Jugović, T. Lj. Trišović, J.S. Stevanović, M.D. Maksimović, B.N. Grgur Novel electrolyte for zinc–polyaniline batteries , Journal of Power Sources, 160 (2006), 1447-1450 • V Stamenkovic, B.N. Grgur, P.N. Ross, N.M. Marković, Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Pt and Pt-Bimetallic Electrodes Covered by CO Mechanism of the Air Bleed Effect with Reformate, J. Electrochem. Soc., 152(2)(2005)A277-A282. • M.D.Obradović, B.N.Grgur, Lj.M.Vračar, Adsorption of Oxygen Containing Species and Their Effect on Oxygen Reduction on Pt3Co Electrode, J.Electroanal.Chem. 548(2003)69-78. • S. Stanković, B. Grgur, N. Krstajić, M.Vojnović, Kinetics of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Zinc in Near Neutral EDTA Solutions, J.Electroanl. Chem., 549(2003)37-47. • A.V. Tripković, K.D. Popović, B.N. Grgur, B. Blizanac, P.N.Ross, N.M. Marković, Electrooxidation on Supported Pt and Pt-Ru Catalusts in Acid and Alkaline Solutions, Electrochim. Acta, 47(2002)3707-3714. • N. Krstajic, M. Popovic, B. Grgur, M. Vojnovic, D. Sepa, On the Kinetics of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on nickel in Alkaline Solution, Part I: The Mechanism, J. Electroanal. Chem., 512(2001)16-26. • N. Krstajic, M. Popovic, B. Grgur, M. Vojnovic D. Sepa, On the Kinetics of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on nickel in Alkaline Solution, Part II: Effect of Temperature, J. Electroanal. Chem., 512(2001)27-35.

5. T.J. Shmidt, B.N. Grgur, N.M. Markovic, P.N. Ross, Oscillatory Behavior in the Electrochemical Oxidation of Formic Acid on Pt(100): Rotation and Temperature Effect, J. Electroanal. Chem., 500(2001)36-43. • T.J. Shmidt, R.J. Behm, B.N. Grgur, N.M. Markovic, P.N. Ross, Formic Acid Oxidation on Pure and Bi Modified Pt(111): Temperature Effect, Langmuir, 16(2000)8169-8176. • T.J. Shmidt, B.N. Grgur, R.J. Behm, N.M. Markovic, P.N. Ross, Bi Adsorption on Pt(111) in Perchloric Acid Solution, a RRDE and XPS Study, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.,2(19)(2000)4379-4386. • N.M. Markovic, B.N. Grgur, C.A. Lucas, P.N. Ross, Surface Chemistru of CO on Pt(100)-Bimetallic Surfaces: Displacement Effects, Langmuir, 4(2000)1998-2005. • C.A. Lucas, N.M. Markovic, B.N. Grgur, P.N. Ross, Structural Effect During CO Adsorption on Pt-Bimetallic Surfaces. I. The Pt(100) electrode, Surf. Sci., 448(2000)65-76. • M.M. Popovic, B.N. Grgur, M.V. Vojnovic, P. Rakin, N.V. Krstajic, Electrochemical Studies on LaNi4.15Co0.43Mn0.4Fe0.02 Metal Hydride Alloy, J. Alloys. Comp., 298(2000)97-113. • N.M. Markovic, B.N. Grgur, C.A. Lucas, P.N. Ross, Surface Electrochemistry of CO and H2/CO Mixtures at Pt(100) Interface: Electrode Kinetics and Interfacial Structrures, J.Phys.Chem.B; 103, 44(1999)9616-9623. • N.M. Markovic, T.J. Schmidt, B.N. Grgur, H.A. Gasteiger, R.J. Behm, P.N. Ross, Effect of Temperature on Surface Processes at the Pt(111)-Liquid Interface: Hydrogen Adsorption, Oxide Formation, and CO Oxidation, J.Phys.Chem.B; 103, 40(1999)8568-8577. • N.M. Markovic, H.A. Gasteiger, B.N. Grgur, P.N. Ross, Oxygen reduction reaction on Pt(111): effects of bromide, J. Electroanal. Chem., 467, 1-2(1999)157-163. • N.M. Markovic, B.N. Grgur, C.A. Lucas, P.N. Ross,., Electrooxidation of CO and H2/CO Mixtures on Pt(111) in Acid Solutions, J.Phys.Chem.B.,103(1999)487-495.

6. B.N.Grgur, N.M. Markovic, P.N. Ross, The Electro-oxidation of H2 and H2/CO Mixtures on Carbon-Supported PtxMoy Alloy Catalysts, J. Electrochem.Soc., 5(1999)1613-1619. • S. Mukerjee, S.J.Lee, E.A.Ticianelli, J. McBreen, B.N. Grgur, N.M. Markovi, P.N. Ross, J.R. Giallombardo, E.S. De Castro, Investigation of Enhanced CO Tolerance in Proton Excange Membrane Fuel Cells by Carbon Supported PtMo Alloy Catalyst, Electrochemical and Solid State Letters, 2(1999)12-15. • B.N. Grgur, N.M. Markovic, P.N. Ross, Electrooxidation of H2, CO and H2/CO Mixtures on a Well-Characterized Pt-Re Bulk Alloy Electrode and Comparison with Other Pt Binary Alloys, Electrochim. Acta, 24(1998)3631-3635. • B.N. Grgur, N.M. Markovic, P.N. Ross, The Electrooxidation of H2, CO and H2/CO Mixtures on a Well-Characterized Pt70Mo30 Alloy Surface, J.Phys.Chem. B., 14(1998)2494-2501. • J.M. Jaksic, N.V. Krstajic, B.N. Grgur, M.M. Jaksic, Hydridic and Electrocatalytic Properties of Hypo-Hyper-d-Electronic Combinations of Transition Metal Intermetallic Phases, Int. J.Hydrogen Energy,23(1998)667-681. • N.M. Markovic,B.N. Grgur, C.A .Lucas, P.N. Ross, Surface Electrochemistry of CO on Pt(110)-(1x2) and Pt(110)-(1x1) Surface, Surf. Sci., 384(1997)805-814. • N.M. Markovic,B.N. Grgur, P.N. Ross, Temperature Dependent Hydrogen Electrochemistry on Platinum Low-Index Single Crystal Surfaces in Acid solutions, J.Phys.Chem.B, 27(1997)5405-5413. • B.N. Grgur, N.M. Markovic, P.N. Ross, Temperature-Dependent Oxygen Electrochemistry on platinum Low-Index Single Crystal Surfaces in Acid solutions, Can. J.Chem. 75(1997)1465-1471. • B.N. Grgur, G. Zhuang, N.M. Markovi, P.N. Ross, The Electrooxidation of H2/CO Mixtures on a Well-Characterized Pt75Mo25 Alloy Surface, J.Phys.Chem. B., 20(1997)3910-3913. • N.V. Krstajic, B.N. Grgur, N.S. Mladenovic, M.V. Vojnovic, M.M. Jaksic., The Determination of Kinetics Parameters of the Hydrogen Evolution on Ti-Ni Alloys by AC Impedance., Electrochim. Acta., 2(1997)323-330.

7. N.V. Krstajic,B.N. Grgur, M. Zdujic, M.V. Vojnovic, M.M. Jaksic, Kinetic Properties of the Ti-Ni Intermetallic Phases and Alloys for Hydrogen Evolution, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 257(1997)245-252. • B. N. Grgur, N. V. Krstajić, N. Elezović, V. D. Jović, Electrodeposition and characterization of Fe-Mo alloys as cathodes for hydrogen evolution in the process of chlorate production, J.Serb.Chem.Soc., 70, 6(2005)879-890 • M.N. Dešić, M.M. Popović, M.D. Obradović, Lj.M. Vračar, B.N. Grgur, Study of gold-platinum and platinum-gold surface modification and its influence on hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction, J.Serb.Chem.Soc., 69(2005) 231-242. • M. D. Obradović B. N. Grgur, Lj. M. Vračar, Comparative Potentiodynamic Study of Nickel and Hydrogen Underpotential Deposition at Polycrystalline Platinum Electrode in Weak Acid and Neutral Solutions, Mater. Sci. Forum, Vol. 494 (2005) pp. 241-246 • M.D. Obradović, B.N. Grgur, Lj.M. Vračar, Apparent Enthalpies of Activation for Oxygen Reduction at Pt3Co Electrode in Alkaline Solution, Mater. Sci. Forum,453-454(2004)109-114. • S. Stanković, B. Grgur, B.Jović, N. Krstajić, O. Pavlović, M.Vojnović, Hydrogen Evolution Reaction from EDTA Solutions, Mater. Sci. Forum, 413(2002) 185- 190. • B.N.Grgur, N.M. Markovic, C.A. Lucas, P.N. Ross Jr, Electrochemical oxidation of carbon monoxide: from platinum single crystals to low temperature fuel cells catalysts. Part II: Electrooxidation of H2, CO and H2/CO mixtures on a well characterized PtMo alloys, J.Serb.Chem.Soc., 68(2003)191-205. • B.N.Grgur, N.M. Markovic, C.A. Lucas, P.N. Ross Jr, Electrochemical oxidation of carbon monoxide: from platinum single crystals to the low temperature fuel cells catalysts. Part I: Carbon monoxide oxidation onto low index platinum single crystals, J.Serb.Chem.Soc., 66(2001)785-797. • M.M. Jaksic, C.M. Lacnjevac, B.N. Grgur, N.V. Krstaji, Volcano Plots Along Intrmetallic Hypo-hiper-d-electronic Phase Diagrams and Electrocatalysis for Hydrogen Electrode Reaction, J. New Mat. Electrochem. Systems, 3(2000)169-182.

8. Technology: Computerized electrolyser with PLC-GSM communication (via cell phone) Water electrolysis device

9. Cooperation of technology and practice

10. INICIATORS: • Group for Renewable Energy Sources organized by SCC: • Impetus and promotions of Renewable Energy Sources • Strong impulse for technological development and coordination, • Significant help in communication and organizations. REGULATIVES ?

11. http://www.srbijagas.com/ • 21000 Novi Sad Narodnog fronta 12 Tel: +381 21 481 2703 Fax: +381 21 481 4305   • 11070 Novi Beograd Autoput 11 Tel: +381 11 2672 033 Fax: +381 11 312 9250   • Distribution of the natural gas

12. MSK- Kikinda23300 KIKINDA, Miloševački put b.b. Serbia • methanol (99.85%)-from natural gas • 200,000 t/g - Reforming of methanol (H2) - DMFC

13. IKARBUS -Belgrade Autoput 24, 11000 Beograd, SrbijaTel: (011) 314.92.29ikarbus@eunet.yuwww.ikarbus.co.yu ECO BUSIK-103 is a bus, powered by pressured natural gas, designed as public-transport citiy bus and, especially, in areas with strict ecology norms. IK-103 satisfy EURO-5 standard, according to low emission of noxious pollutants and low noise level, as well as Californian ULEV standards, the most strict in the world. This model can travel 400 kilometers, without refueling. • Electric power • Application of Fuel Cells? • Metal-hydride batteries? ?

14. Perspectives: WP1 Review of the RES potential and existing hydrogen market in Serbia (based mainly on existing studies) FP7 ?- to be discussed