320 likes | 577 Views
Section 6.3 : Kingdom Animalia pg. 182-197. Part 1 : Invertebrates. Animal Kingdom. Includes the very small to the very large organisms on Earth. Animals: a re multicellular eukaryotes a re heterotrophic r eproduce sexually. Animal Characteristics. These are used to classify
E N D
Animal Kingdom • Includes the very small to the very large organisms on Earth. • Animals: • are multicellular eukaryotes • are heterotrophic • reproduce sexually
Animal Characteristics These are used to classify animals into different phyla: • The number of Germ Layers • “germ” = cells in early stages • Most have 3 layers: ectoderm (outer), endoderm (inner) & mesoderm (middle)
Digestive Tract • Most animals use extracellular digestion • Incomplete digestive tract : only one opening (food & wastes use the same opening) • Complete digestive tract : separate openings for food & wastes.
Body Symmetry • Asymmetrical Body: irregular shape (i.e. sponges, who are the simplest animals) • Symmetrical Body : most animals are balanced in their shape
Symmetry There are 2 types of symmetry • Radial (Fig. 6.17a, pg. 185) • Bilateral (Fig. 6.17b, pg. 185)
Development of a Coelom • Coelom= a fluid-filled body cavity • The presence of a coelom allows for the development of more complex organ systems. • Animals with a coelom = coelomates • Animals without a coelom = acoelomates
Reproduction • All animals reproduce sexually • Some also reproduce asexually • Some arehermaphrodites = have both male & female reproductive organs
Invertebrates(95% of Animal Kingdom) • Examples include: (see Table 6.2, pages 183-184) • sponges • sea anemones • jellyfish • coral • planarians • tapeworms • leech • slug • clam • octopus • starfish • sand dollars, etc.
Invertebrate Characteristics • Lack of internal structures • Reproduction includes sexual & asexual • Some are coelomate (i.e. earthworm) & some are acoelomate (i.e. flatworm)
Invertebrate Characteristics • Can have asymmetrical (i.e. sponges), radial (i.e. jellyfish) or bilateral body forms (i.e. earthworm).
There are over 30 phyla of invertebrates, but we will look at the major eight.
8 Phyla of Invertebrates • Porifera • Cnidaria • Platyhelminthes • Nematoda • Annelida • Mollusca • Echinodermata • Arthropoda
Phylum Porifera • Means “pore-bearing” • Example: Sponges
Phylum Cnidaria • Means “thistle” • Examples: Jellyfish, corals, sea anemones, hydras
Phylum Platyhelminthes • Means “flat, wide worms” • Examples: Tapeworms, flukes, planarians
Phylum Nematoda • Means “thread-like” • Examples: Pinworms, hookworms
Phylum Annelida • Means “ring” • Examples: Earthworms, leeches, tubeworms
Phylum Mollusca • Means “soft-bodied” • Examples: clams, oysters, squids, octopi, snails, slugs, scallops
Phylum Echinodermata • Means “spiny-skinned” • Examples: starfish, sea cucumbers, sand dollars, sea urchins
Phylum Arthropoda • The MOST successful phylum!! • Over 1 million species have been identified. • Very diverse – some live at the bottom of the ocean, and some float in the air.
Examples of Arthropods • Include: • Insects • Spiders • Shrimp • Barnacles • Lobster • Scorpions
Arthropods… • have jointed appendages • have bilateral symmetry • have a coelom • have a “tube within a tube” digestive system • reproduce sexually
Why are Arthropods So Successful? • Exoskeleton: • a rigid, jointed external skeleton • is waterproof and protects against water loss • they must shed their exoskeleton in order to grow.
Other Reasons Why They Are Successful… • The nature of their body segments & attached appendages. • Their well-developed nervous system. • Their structures & functions related to feeding themselves.
Insects • The most successful species on Earth. • But Why??? • They have many adaptations for feeding. • Most are small in size, allowing them to hide. • They move quickly and many have wings.
Insect Mimicry • Some insects have an adaptation called mimicry. • Mimicry: the ability to look like something else.
Two Short Videos • Insect Mimicry • Phylum Arthropoda “How Stuff Works”
Section 6.3: Part 1Review Activities • Do the “Survey of Invertebrates” handout. • Go to lab to do the Investigation 6C on pages 188-189.