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Separating Substances

Learn about different methods and techniques for separating mixtures of substances, including filtration, decanting, evaporation, distillation, and chromatography.

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Separating Substances

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  1. Separating Substances Chapter 19.

  2. Mixtures A mixture is two substances mingled Together but not chemically combined.

  3. Separate mixtures by • Filtering (to separate soil and water) • Decanting (separate sand and water) • Evaporating (salt and water) • Distilling (alcohol and water) • Chromatography (separate different dyes)

  4. Filtration. • Filtration is the method of separating insoluble solid from a liquid using material that allows liquid to pass through but not the solid. • Filtrate is the clear liquid that passes through • Residue is the substance left behind on the filter paper.

  5. Decanting(separate sand and water)

  6. Evaporation. • Evaporation is used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid when the liquid is not required. • Example: Salt and water.

  7. Evaporation can be used to retrieve a solute from a solution.

  8. Evaporation

  9. Distillation • Distillation is the process involving the vapourisation of a liquid by boiling it and then condensing the vapour by cooling it. • It is based on the fact that the two liquids have different boiling points.

  10. Two miscible liquids are liquids which mix together, e.g. alcohol and water. • Alcohol Boiling point 78’c • Water boiling point 100’c

  11. Distillation

  12. To obtain a sample of water from sea-water using simple distillation Procedure: • Set up as shown above. • Part C is called a condenser; it has an outer tube which carries cold water which causes the water vapour passing through the inner tube to condense back into a liquid. • Cold water goes in through D and out through B. • The round-bottom flask above the Bunsen burner contains sea-water.

  13. Result: • The water evaporates from the round-bottom flask, travels through the condenser where it condenses and flows into the beaker as pure water.

  14. Distillation • Showing liebeg condenser

  15. Chromatography • Paper chromatography is a technique to separate mixtures of substances in solution. • The solvent in which the substances are dissolved is passed along a length of paper and the dissolved substances separate out on the paper.

  16. Chromatography p.64 Experiment Book

  17. Learning check

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