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A Flawed Peace: The End of War

Learn about the aftermath of World War I, including the failed German offensive, the Paris Peace Conference, Wilson's Fourteen Points, Treaty of Versailles, League of Nations, territorial losses, military restrictions, war guilt, and the treaty's lasting impact.

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A Flawed Peace: The End of War

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  1. A Flawed Peace:The End of War

  2. The big Collapse • After Russia withdrew from the war, Germany attempted one last offensive on the Western Front • Germany’s military was VERY weak  CRUSHED

  3. The big Collapse • After Germany’s final defeat the Central Powers quickly collapsed • 11/11/1918: • Germany & France signed an armistice, or an agreement to stop fighting

  4. The Terms of Peace • Paris Peace Conference: • 32 countries met in Versailles, France • Debated the conditions of peace

  5. The Terms of Peace • Major decisions made by the BIG FOUR: • Wilson (US) • Clemenceau (FR) • George (GB) • Orlando (IT)

  6. World Peace?

  7. The Fourteen Points • The Fourteen Points: • Proposed by Woodrow Wilson • Outlined a plan for world peace

  8. The Fourteen Points • Point ONE through FOUR: • NO MORE secret treaties • Freedom of the seas • Free trade • Reduced national militaries

  9. The Fourteen Points • Point FIVE: • Adjustment of colonial claims with fairness towards colonial people

  10. The Fourteen Points • Points SIX through THIRTEEN: • Border adjustments • Creation of new nations • Self-determination: • The people may decide on the type of government they wish to have

  11. The Fourteen Points • Point FOURTEEN: • Proposed a “general association of nations” that would protect “great & small states alike”

  12. The Fourteen Points • France & Britain DID NOT like the Fourteen Points • Concerned with national security; believed that Germany needed to be punished

  13. The Fourteen Points • France, Great Britain & the US engaged in heated arguments in regards to the peace agreement • Finally reached an agreement • Treaty of Versailles

  14. Treaty of Versailles • League of Nations • Territorial Losses • Military Restrictions • War Guilt

  15. 1) League of Nations • International peace organization; based on Wilson’s Fourteenth Point • Excluded enemy & neutral nations • EXAMPLE: • Germany & Russia

  16. 2) Territorial Losses & New Nations • Germany returned Alsace-Lorraine to France • Germany surrendered all of its overseas colonies in Africa & the Pacific

  17. 2) Territorial Losses & New Nations • Austria-Hungary: • Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia

  18. 2) Territorial Losses & New Nations • Ottoman Empire: • Kept Turkey • Palestine, Iraq, Jordan came under British control • Syria & Lebanon came under French control

  19. 2) Territorial Losses & New Nations • Russian Territory: • Romania, Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania

  20. 3) Military Restrictions • Limited the size of German army • Prohibited Germany from buying or manufacturing weapons and/or submarines • Forbade Germany to have an Air Force

  21. 4) War Guilt • Germany was forced to accept sole responsibility for the war • Forced to pay $33 billion in war reparations over a 30 year period

  22. A Troubled Treaty • The treaty created feelings of bitterness & betrayal among the victors & the defeated

  23. Peace Built on Quicksand • DID NOT achieve a lasting peace • The United States rejected treaty, especially the League of Nations – wanted to stay out of European affairs! • Greatly damaged Germany; MAD!!!

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