Progressivism

3. Progressivism

4. What is Progressivism • Progressivism was a reform movement that responded to the social challenges caused by industrialization, urbanization, and immigration in the 1890s and 1900s. • Progressives believed that honest and efficient government could bring about social justice.

7. Progressives • Mainly from the middle class • Wanted to use logic and reason for reform • Honest government could bring change • End corruption • Government must respond to peoples needs • Use modern ideas and science to improve society

8. Targets of Progressivism • corrupt political machines • trusts and monopolies • inequities • safety • city services • women’s suffrage

9. Bust the Trusts • Middle class progressives wanted the government to bust the trusts formed during the Gilded Age • Help create more economic opportunities for the middle class

10. Better Living • Progressive wanted to attack problems • Gap between rich and poor • Poor living conditions • Poor labor conditions in factories and mines • Improve the city slums

11. How the Other Half Lives • Jacob Riis used flash photography to show the conditions in city slums • Dirty • No running water • Full of disease

15. Novels • The naturalist novel portrayed the struggle of common people. • Upton Sinclair’s novel The Jungle provided a shocking look at meatpacking in Chicago’s stockyards.

16. Reforming Society • Walter Rauschenbusch believed religion would lead to Social Reform • He blended ideas of German Socialism and American Progressivism to form Social Gospel • Use the Bible to lead refrom • Shorter work weeks • No child labor • Limit trust power

17. Changing Society • Jane Addams led the settlement house movement. • Hull House Chicago • Her urban community centers provided social services for immigrants and the poor. • Taught English • Offered nursery schools • YMCA

18. Workplace Reforms • 2/3 of states abolished child labor in 1907 • Massachusetts started minimum wage in 1912 • Florence Kelley founded the Women’s Trade Union League which worked for a federal minimum wage and a national eight-hour workday.

19. Progressives succeeded in reducing child labor and improving school enrollment. The United States Children’s Bureau was created in 1912.

20. Schools Improve • John Dewey pushes for a school system the forces thinking creatively • Teach history, geography, cooking, and carpentry

21. Tragedy Causes Change • March 25, 1911 500 women were working at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company • They were located on the top floors of a ten story building in New York • A fire broke out and quickly spread • The women tried to escape but found the doors locked from the outside • Employers did not want employees leaving for breaks

22. Tragedy Causes Change • Some women filed on to a fire escape • Their weight collapsed the fire escape causing them to fall to their death • Fire truck ladders could not reach the top floor • 146 workers died

25. Tragedy Causes Change • After the fire a Jewish immigrant from Poland named Rose Schneiderman fought for change • Fire inspectors • Fire drills • Unlocked fire proof exits • Automatic sprinklers

26. Workplace Reforms • Some employers create disability or other compensation for workers and their families in case of accidents • State governments are allowed to make laws based on workers safety • Muller v. Oregon women laundry workers can not work more then 10 hours a day

27. Municipal Reform • Municipal means city • Municipal reformers opposed political bosses • They had trouble defeating big machines like Tammany Hall • Disaster caused municipal change • 6,000 people were killed during a hurricane in Galveston Texas in1900 causing the city to create an emergency commission to rebuild • The commission became a part in there city government

31. Municipal Reform • City mayors fought for control of utilities • They wanted to end utility monopolies • Parks, homeless shelters, and kindergartens were added to some cities

32. Government Reforms • Wisconsin Governor Robert M. La Follette establishes a direct primary • Creation of • Initiative • Referendum • Recall • Direct election of senators by the people

33. Women Make Progress

34. Women in the late 1800s • Could not vote • Rarely educated • Paid poor wages if they worked

35. Temperance Movement • Believed men spent earnings on alcohol • Alcohol made men neglect families and beat wives • The Women’s Christian Temperance Movement grew in popularity and helped pass the 18th amendment in 1919 banning alcohol.

36. Progressive women • Margaret Sanger founded the American Birth Control league • Ida B. Wells founded the National Association of Colored Women

37. Women’s Suffrage • Since 1860 Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton had worked for women’s suffrage • The right to vote • In 1919 the 19th amendment gave women the right to vote

38. The Struggle against discrimination

39. Social Reform or Social Control? • Immigrants coming to America were forced to assimilate to American culture • This Americanization advised immigrants to • where clothing of middle class white Americans • Replace the foods and customs of there homeland • Stop serving alcohol at dinner, especially to children

40. Race issues • Prejudice against non-whites • Plessy v Ferguson allowed segregation to spread through the South • Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois wanted equality for African Americans • 1909 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) forms

41. Presidential Progressivism

42. Teddy Roosevelt • Youngest president to date • The Teddy bear was named after him • Became president after McKinley was assassinated • Known for his Square Deal which meant he promised fairness and honesty in government

43. Roosevelt’s Square Deal • Mine workers went on strike and owners refused to negotiate • Teddy told each side to submit to arbitration • He threatened take the mines over with the army • Arbitrators granted workers a 10% raise and a 9 hour workday instead of 10 • Roosevelt called it a “square deal”

44. Teddy reforms • Roosevelt past 42 antitrust actions • He broke up monopolies including Standard Oil • He wanted trusts regulated by the government • The Elkins Act in 1903 allowed the government to fine railroads that gave special rates to favored shippers, a practice that hurt farmers • In 1906 he past the Hepburn Act creating the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) which set and limited railroad rates

45. trustbuster • Teddy used the Sherman Antitrust Act to stop large companies from bullying smaller companies or cheating consumers.

46. Teddy reforms • After reading The Jungle He past the Pure Food and Drug Act as well as the Meat Inspection Act • It required labeling of ingredients and strict sanitary conditions and a system for rating meat

47. Teddy reforms • He set aside 100 million acres for national forests, mineral reserves, and water projects

48. Roosevelt closed off more than 100 million acres of forestland.

49. Progressivism Under Taft and Wilson

50. Taft’s Presidency • Taft defeats William Jennings Bryan in 1908 • He was not a strong leader like Roosevelt • He angered conservationists because his Secretary of the Interior did not favor conserving federal land • The Republican party became split between progressives and non-progressives • Taft believed monopolies were acceptable as long as they didn't’t squeeze out smaller companies