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WAR OF 1812. War to 1812. *. 2 phases: 1812 to 1814, England concentrated on defeating the French and paid little attention to U.S. April of 1814 and on, post French defeat by the British. Americans Unprepared. *. Regular army consisted of less than 7,000 troops
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War to 1812 * • 2 phases: • 1812 to 1814, England concentrated on defeating the French and paid little attention to U.S. • April of 1814 and on, post French defeat by the British
Americans Unprepared * • Regular army consisted of less than 7,000 troops • Armies in the states were poorly trained • Many Americans opposed the war
* • War Began in July 1812 • Gen William Hull went into Canada • Hull surrenders in Detroit to Tecumseh
* • Lake Erie • Commander Oliver Hazard Perry • Ordered to assemble a fleet and seize the lake from the British • Defeated British after a bloody battle at what came to be known as the Battle of Thames
Battle of Thames * It was an important victory for the Americans for two reasons - The American victory put an end to the British threat in Northwest United States -Tecumseh was killed in the battle
Even with a reduced navy, the navy still had three of the fastest frigates. The Constitution defeated two British ships It gained the nickname “Old Ironsides”
Effects of Tecumseh’s Death * • Hopes for a Native American confederation died • Andrew Jackson attacks Creeks at Battle of Horseshoe Bend • Creeks give up most of their land
The British defeat the French * • Will send more forces to America • August 1814, sailed into Chesapeake Bay for Washington, D.C. • Burned anything connected with gov’t • Capitol and president’s mansion burned • Headed for Baltimore • Fort McHenry defended harbor with bombardment
FRANCIS SCOTT KEY * • Young attorney • Inspired to write a poem about the night’s happenings • September 13-14 • Bombs bursting • Smoke filled sky • Flag still flying • “The Star Spangled Banner” • In 1931, Congress designated “The Star-Spangled Banner” as national anthem
Original copy of the National Anthem Written by Francis Scott Key as watch the Battle at Fort McHenry
Battle of Champlain * An important victory for the Americans • British invades Plattsburgh from Canada with 10,000 troops • American naval force stopped and defeated British fleet in September 1814 • British decide with France defeated America not worth the effort
Treaty of Ghent * • Ended War of 1812 • Peace treaty • No clear winner, no territory changed hands, resolved no trade disputes
Battle of New Orleans * • Word had not yet reached U.S. • December 1814, New Orleans • British move towards city, Andrew Jackson and his men await him • American wins in short gruesome battle • Jackson becomes hero and fame helps him win presidency in 1828
BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS America WON
Consequences of the War of 1812: * • Increased American patriotism • Broke the strength of Native Americans toward the government of the United States • American trade was expanded and more manufacturing followed the war • America proved it could defend itself against a major world power
THE END