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Physical and Chemical properties of Matter

Physical and Chemical properties of Matter. 8 th gr. Physical Science. Properties are used to identify a substance Physical properties are those that can be observed using your five senses, without changing the identity of the substance. Physical Properties. Color

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Physical and Chemical properties of Matter

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  1. Physical and Chemical properties of Matter 8th gr. Physical Science

  2. Properties are used to identify a substance • Physical properties are those that can be observed using your five senses, without changing the identity of the substance

  3. Physical Properties • Color • Shape/Structure- crystalline • Size • Smell • Hardness • Freezing point, boiling point and melting point • Magnetism- attraction or repulsion to magnets • Conductivity- electrical and thermal

  4. More to explore… • Conductivity- electrical and thermal #1 • Luster- #1 • Ductile- #2 • Malleable- #2 • Density- #3 • Viscosity- #3 • Opacity- #4 • Transparency- #4 • Solubility- #4

  5. Physical Properties • Transparent- a material that allows light to pass through it (you can see through it) • Opaque- a material that does not allow light to pass through (you cannot see through it) • Solubility- the ability of a substance to dissolve into another or allow other substances to dissolve into it. • Density- the measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume. D= m/v

  6. Physical properties • Viscosity- the resistance of a liquid to flow. Honey is more viscous than water. • Malleable- ability of a metal to be hammered into a shape or rolled into a thin sheet • Ductile- the ability of a metal to be drawn into a wire • Conductivity- property of a metal and alloys that allows heat or electricity to pass through them easily. • Luster- property of a metal and alloys that allows them to reflect light (SHINY)

  7. Chemical Properties • Chemical properties: Properties thatDOchange that chemical nature of matter

  8. Chemical Properties • Heat of combustion -#1 • Flammability- #2 • pH- #3 • Reactivity- #4 • Corrosiveness- #2

  9. Chemical properties • Heat of combustion- the temperature at which a material will combust or catch fire. • Flammability- the tendency of an object to burn (some object burn easily and are highly flammable, some objects do not burn and are not flammable.) • Corrosiveness- When a substance reacts with air or water and it breaks down (Rusting and tarnishing are examples)

  10. Chemical Properties • pH- a measure of the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution using a scale that ranges from 0-14. • 0-6.9 are acids (orange juice) • 7 is neutral (water) • 7.1-14 are bases (soap) • The closer to 0 the more acidic • The closer to 14 the more basic aka alkaline • Reactivity- the ease and speed at which an element or a compound will combine/react with other elements and compounds.

  11. Physical Changes • Physical change takes place when a substance changes size, shape, or state of matter BUT a new substances is NOT formed.

  12. Physical Changes • Examples: • Paper • Rip it • Crumple it • Shred it • Color on it • Fold it

  13. Chemical Changes • Occurs when one or more substances change into a NEW substance

  14. Chemical Changes • Examples: • Burning paper • Rusting a nail • Rot an apple • Eating an apple

  15. Indicators of a chemical change • Gas is released (bubbles) • Heat is released (exothermic) • Heat is absorbed (endothermic) • Change in odor • Change in color

  16. More indicators • Light is given off • Sound is given off • Precipitate forms (When 2 liquids are added together and they form a solid)

  17. How to separate materials using physical means: • Distillation- #1 • Filtration- #2 • Magnetism- #3 • Density- #4

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