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AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CH 20n CLASS NOTES 16o

Explore the changing geography of agriculture in the Third Agricultural Revolution and its impacts on subsistence versus commercial farming practices. Learn about the evolution from feudalism to industrialization and imperialism, leading to the rise of cash crops and plantation agriculture in poor countries. Understand the importance of dairying, fruit crops, mixed livestock, crop farming, and commercial grain farming. Discover the significance of wheat and rice production in different societies and the challenges posed by illegal drug cultivation. Delve into the role of biotechnology and agribusiness in the 3rd Agricultural Revolution, including the Green Revolution's impact on developing countries. Reflect on the labeling debate, GMO bans, and global implications of agricultural transformations.

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AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CH 20n CLASS NOTES 16o

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  1. AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHYCH 20n CLASS NOTES 16o Commercialization and the Transformation of the Rural Sector

  2. CH 20: Guiding Q • How is the geography of agriculture changing in the Third Agricultural Revolution, and what are the impacts?

  3. Review: Difference between Subsistence & Commercial Farming • Subsistence • For personal consumption • Small farms • Common Methods • Slash and Burn • Shifting Cultivation • Labor INTENSIVE • Nomadic Pastoralism • Commercial • For sale • Large farms • Common Methods • Use of Biochemical fertilizers to replenish soil • Labor EXTENSIVE

  4. Commercial Agriculture Evolves • Feudalism • Industrialization • Imperialism – Seek Colonies & new land • Suitable Environments & plentiful labor = New farm types

  5. Making Money • Commercial Agriculture – • World markets for agricultural goods • Luxury Crops – • coffee, tea, tobacco

  6. Cash Crops • Non-subsistence • Colonially imposed on poor countries • Sugar, Cotton, Tobacco, Indigo, Rubber • Plantation Agriculture – • Cash Crop grown on large estates (monoculture) • Poor countries need $ generated this way

  7. World Agriculture

  8. Areas of Commercial Agriculture • 1. Dairying • 2. Fruit Crops • 3. Mixed livestock & Crop Farming • 4. Commercial Grain Farming

  9. Different Crops / Different Societies • WORLD’S 2 KEY GRAIN CROPS 1. WHEAT = Grown on large estates = Mechanized methods = Wealthier countries 2. RICE = Smaller land plots = labor intensive = poorer countries

  10. Important Cash / Luxury Crops NOT Easily Mapped? • “ILLEGAL” DRUGS • Demand great in wealthy countries • Profitable for poorer farmers to grow • Poppy or Coca Plants • HUGE source of revenue for Poor Countries

  11. Coca Plant Poppy Plant

  12. 3rd Agricultural Revolution • Biotechnology • Agribusiness – • Large scale, mechanized, industrial agriculture controlled by corporate interests • Suitcase Farm – Grain farm no one lives on

  13. Agribusiness Corporations

  14. The Green Revolution (farming) • Higher yield crops for developing countries claim • Rice, wheat, corn • Adv. Farming technologies = Increased Production claim • Narrow gap between pop growth and food need (Malthus) • Has it worked???

  15. The Labeling Debate

  16. CA Bill Defeated

  17. GMO Banned Countries

  18. CH 20: Guiding Q • How is the geography of agriculture changing in the Third Agricultural Revolution, and what are the impacts?

  19. UNIT 5 OVERARCHING Q • How does the relationship with the land, both in terms of food production and habitation, influence a country’s decisions / actions?

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