APUSH Review: Give Me Liberty!, Chapter 8, 4th Edition

1. APUSH Review: Give Me Liberty!, Chapter 8, 4th Edition Please check out the description for additional videos related to this chapter and other resources! Judicial Review Reasons for Political Parties The French Revolution “XYZ” Affair War of 1812 Henry Clay! Nationalism A Rebellion over Whiskey

2. Politics In An Age Of Passion Hamilton’s Program • Hamilton’s financial program (see video in description) was a contributor to the emergence of political parties • 5 Parts: • Federal government would pay of all debt plus interest • New bonds would be issued to pay off old debt and the government would assume state debts • ***Bank of the US (BUS)*** - issue notes and make loans to government • Excise tax - tax on domestically manufactured goods (whiskey) • Tariff - tax on foreign goods • He also proposed government subsidies to industries, but that did not occur The Emergence of Opposition • Hamilton favored trade with Britain, Jefferson and his followers favored agriculture • Jefferson feared Hamilton’s vision could create too powerful of a government • Speculators bought bonds for pennies on the dollar and sought to make a lot of $ under his plan We Love Agriculture!

3. We Shall Remain Neutral Politics In An Age Of Passion The Jefferson-Hamilton Bargain • South opposed his plan - little manufacturing and fewer bond holders • Jefferson, strictly interpreted the Constitution and believed the BUS was unconstitutional • Ultimately, Jefferson accepted Hamilton’s plan and in return the new capital would be in the South (land from VA) ***The Impact of the French Revolution*** • 1789, French Rev began, many Americans supported • Almost immediately, war between France and Britain broke out • Washington issued a proclamation of neutrality in 1793 (even though the US had an alliance with France dating back to the American Rev.) • Britain continued impressment and confiscating US goods headed to France’s colonies • Jay’s Treaty (Britain): • No mention of impressment, Britain promised to abandon posts (did not) • Treaty was a direct contributor to the emergence political parties • France was not happy…..

4. Politics In An Age Of Passion Political Parties • Federalists: • Pro-Hamilton’s financial plan, pro-British, favored manufacturing, New Englanders • Favored wealthy and elites in public office The Whiskey Rebellion • Farmers in PA rebelled against the new excise tax • Washington put down the rebellion • Demonstrated the power of the new federal government - compare with Shays’ Rebellion under the Articles The Republican Party • Led by Jefferson and Madison • Pro-France, anti-BUS, favored farming (support of farmers too), believed in more democratic participation

5. Politics In An Age Of Passion An Expanding Public Sphere • The creation of post offices helped spread information across the country • 100s of newspapers emerged in the 1790s The Democratic-Republican Societies • Argued that political liberty was more than just voting - involvement in politics • Blamed for inciting the Whiskey Rebellion, they disappeared in 1795 • Immigrants tended to support the Republicans (Jeffersonians) The Rights of Women • A Vindication of the Rights of Women - Mary Wollstonecraft • Argued for more rights - education, paid employment - benefit single women • Hannah Adams - 1st woman to make a living from being an author • Calls for educational opportunities for women increased

6. Politics In An Age Of Passion Women and the Republic • Women counted as population towards representation, but few believed women should vote

7. The Adams Presidency The Election of 1796 • John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson • Adams wins 71-68, Jefferson becomes VP • France and Britain continued to seize US ships trading with the other country • “XYZ” Affair: • 3 US diplomats sent to France, the French demanded a bribe to meet with them • War hysteria ensues in the US -> Quasi-War with France The “Reign of Witches” • Alien and Sedition Acts: • Passed by the Federalists to silence political opposition (Jeffersonians) • Alien Act - President could deport foreigners deemed dangerous • Sedition Act - illegal to criticize the government (expired in 1801) • Aimed at silencing supporters of Jefferson

8. The Adams Presidency The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions • Written by Madison and Jefferson in protest to the Alien and Sedition Acts • They believed the acts to be unconstitutional • The resolutions were more symbolic, but later used by Southerners (John C. Calhoun) The “Revolution of 1800” • Jefferson and Aaron Burr (running-mate) tied in electoral votes • Finally, on the 36th ballot, the House chose Jefferson • Ironically, Hamilton backed Jefferson • 12th Amendment - separate ballots for President and Vice-President • Election of 1800 - peaceful transition of power between political parties Slavery and Politics • If not for the 3/5 Compromise, Adams would have won in 1800 • Many feared that the abolishment of slavery would be too politically divisive

9. The Adams Presidency The Haitian Revolution • 1791 slave rebellion - Jeffersonians did NOT support • Toussaint L’Ouverture - led the rebellion -> gained independence in 1804 • Many slaveowners in US feared it would inspire slave rebellions here Gabriel’s Rebellion • Planned rebellion in Richmond, VA • It never materialized; 26 slaves were hanged • Like virtually all other slave rebellions, stricter laws were established after • Blacks couldn’t gather on Sundays without Whites • Owner emancipation became more difficult

10. Give Me My Papers, Yo! Jefferson In Power • “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists” • Those imprisoned under the Sedition Act were pardoned • Jefferson reduced the size of the military Judicial Review • “Midnight Judges” were appointed by Adams, Jefferson, through Madison (Secretary of State) refused to deliver the commissions • Marbury (one of the commission-less judges) sued Madison • The Supreme Court declared part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional, stated they could not help Marbury • The court case established ***JUDICIAL REVIEW*** • Fletcher v. Peck - Supreme Court could declare state laws unconstitutional • According to John Marshall (Chief Justice), the government could NOT impair contracts

11. Jefferson In Power The Louisiana Purchase • 1795 - Pinckney’s Treaty - US gained access to MS River, right of deposit in N.O. • Jefferson sought N.O., ended up buying all of LA Territory - doubled the size of the US! • Jefferson switched from strict to loose interpretation Lewis and Clark • Explored the territory - sought a waterway to the Pacific • Acquired new plants and animals Incorporating Louisiana • Free blacks in the Territory had many rights under the French and Spanish • They lost many of these rights upon the acquisition by the US

12. Jefferson In Power The Barbary Wars • Barbary states demanded tribute from the US • Jefferson expanded the navy • Finally, after the War of 1812, the harassment stopped The Embargo • Britain continued impressment - needed men to fight Napoleon • 6,000 American sailors were impressed • The Embargo Act cut off ALL trade with the rest of the world • HUGE disaster for the US • 1809 Non-Intercourse Act - banned trade with only Britain and France Madison and Pressure for War • Madison (Secretary of State under Jefferson) easily became the next president in 1812 • Macon’s Bill #2 - reopened trade with France - embargo placed on Britain • Warhawks - from the South and West • Henry Clay! and John C. Calhoun • Urged war with Britain, wanted to annex Canada

13. The “Second War Of Independence” The Indian Response • Some Natives embraced becoming “civilized” • Adopting farming - give up traditional Native lifestyle Tecumseh’s Vision • Charismatic Native leader that resisted Americans • Battle of Tippecanoe - future president William Henry Harrison defeated Natives The War of 1812 • Causes - impressment, arming of Natives on the frontier • Most of the North was against the war (trading) • The White House was burned to the ground • Tecumseh was killed at the Battle of Thames • Andrew Jackson became an overnight hero - Battle of Horseshoe Bend and the Battle of New Orleans • Treaty of Ghent - ended the war, no territory gained or lost

14. The “Second War Of Independence” The War’s Aftermath • British and Native threat is essentially gone • HUGE increase in Nationalism in the US (Battle of New Orleans) • Canada did not embrace the US as previously thought The End of the Federalist Party • Hartford Convention (December, 1814) - end of the war • Federalist meeting to share grievances, sought to amend the Constitution: • Increasing requirements to declare war, impose an embargo, adding new states • The Federalists got a bad rap because of nationalism sweeping the nation

15. Quick Recap • Hamilton’s Financial Plan • Impact of the French Revolution • Whiskey Rebellion • Reasons for the emergence and characteristics of the first political parties • Whiskey Rebellion • “XYZ” Affair • Alien and Sedition Acts -> VA and KY Resolutions • “Revolution of 1800” • Judicial Review • Causes of the War of 1812 • Impacts of the War of 1812

16. See You Back Here For Chapter 9! • Thanks for watching • Subscribe and share • Check out other videos in the description • Good luck in May!