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IMPERIALISM 1890’S-1900’S

IMPERIALISM 1890’S-1900’S. FOCUS ON SPANISH AMERICAN WAR, TR , TAFT AND WW. KEY INFLUENCES. 1-Missionaries Rev. Josiah Strong— “Our Country: It’s Possible Future and Present Crisis”—missionary work. American Missionaries In China, 1905. Social Darwinism. White Man’s Burden.

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IMPERIALISM 1890’S-1900’S

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  1. IMPERIALISM1890’S-1900’S FOCUS ON SPANISH AMERICAN WAR, TR , TAFT AND WW

  2. KEY INFLUENCES • 1-Missionaries • Rev. Josiah Strong— “Our Country: It’s Possible Future and Present Crisis”—missionary work American Missionaries In China, 1905

  3. Social Darwinism White Man’s Burden Hierarchy of Race

  4. Commercial/Business Interests US Foreign Investments 1869-1908

  5. American Frontier-Closed Frederick Jackson Turner’s Frontier Thesis--

  6. Alfred Mahan-”Influence of Sea Power”

  7. PROBLEMS IN CUBA • 1895-REVOLT VS. SPANISH GOV’T • “SCORCHED EARTH” POLICY • BUTCHER WEYLER— Reconcentration Camps

  8. Yellow Journalism • Pulitzer & Hearst Hearst to Frederick Remington:You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war!

  9. Feb. 9th 1898De Lome Letter Private letter by Spanish Ambassador to US McKinley is “weak” **popular opinion=war **business---no war

  10. Assistant Secretary of the Navy in the McKinley administration. Imperialist and American nationalist. Criticized PresidentMcKinley as having the backbone of a chocolate éclair! Resigns his position to fight in Cuba. Teddy Roosevelt

  11. THE US INVOLVED IN CUBA USS Maine sent to evacuate Americans out of Havana -Feb. 15th 1898---Maine blew up in Havana Harbor blame???

  12. Remember the Maineand to Hell with Spain! Funerals for Victims

  13. SPANISH AMERICAN WAR • Spain orders warships to Cuba • Admiral Cervera—blockaded by American fleet in Santiago harbor • US forces unprepared—malaria, yellow fever & typhoid; food & clothes • Disorganized Fighting • El Caney—July 1st • San Juan Hill • Spanish troops outnumbered and outgunned August 12, 1898---armistice—5000 die of disease only 400 men die from war injuries

  14. The Spanish-American War (1898):“That Splendid Little War”(John Hay-Sec. of State)

  15. Rough Riders

  16. To The Victor Go The Spoils!US takes Philippines

  17. Dewey captures Manila!

  18. PROBLEMS IN THE PHILIPPINES • 1-ADMIRAL DEWEY IN HONG KONG • TOLD TO TAKE PHIL IF US DECLARES WAR ON SPAIN • 2-MAY 1898—DEWEY DESTROYS SPANISH FLEET • 3-AUGUST 1898-MANILA SURRENDERS

  19. Emilio Aguinaldo-Freedom Fighter Philippine Independence-1946

  20. US “Sphere of Influence”

  21. Treaty of Paris, 1898 • Cuba was freed from Spanish rule. • Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island ofGuam. • The U. S. paid Spain$20 mil. for thePhilippines. • The U. S. becomesan imperial power!

  22. KEY ACTS • 1-TELLER AMENDMENT • WITHDRAW BY 1902—give Cubans freedom after the war • 2-PLATT AMENDMENT 1901 • US CAN INTERVENE • CUBA DEVELOPS CONSTITUTION • NAVAL BASE

  23. ANTI-IMPERIALIST LEAGUE • Mark Twain, William James, Samuel Gompers, Andrew Carnegie, WJ Bryan • Dislike imperialism; conflict • Argument • Too much despotism (colonialism) • Vs Trade/Profits/Natural resources

  24. Journal: Should the Constitution follow the flag? ?

  25. TR AS PRESIDENT • 1-PANAMA CANAL • 1850 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty. • 1901  Hay-Paunceforte Treaty. • Philippe Bunau-Varilla, agent provocateur. • Dr. Walter Reed. • 1903  Hay-Bunau- Varilla Treaty

  26. TR • “Encourages” a Panamian Revolution • Prevents Columbian forces entering area • Pushes for independence

  27. Panama Canal TR in Panama Construction starts in 1904

  28. Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power . Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine 1905

  29. “Speak Softly But Carry a Big Stick”

  30. Constable of the World

  31. TR continued *continued occupation of Philippines After (US-Phil War 1899+) Aguinaldo fought US • 4-Russo-Japanese • War 1904 • Portsmouth Treaty Nobel Peace Prize For TR

  32. Yellow Peril • Problems in California • Gentlemen’s Agreement • Root-Takihira Agreement

  33. Great White Fleet 1907 End of TR’s Presidency . . . . .

  34. JOURNAL: What is TR’s Legacy? Does he belong on Mt. Rushmore?

  35. Taft as President “Dollar Diplomacy” 1-Improve financialopportunities for American businesses. 2-Use private capital tofurther U. S. interestsoverseas. 3- the U.S. should create stability and order abroad that would best promote America’s commercial interests.

  36. Wilson as President“Moral Diplomacy” *The U. S. shouldbe the conscienceof the world. *Spread democracy. *Promote peace. *Condemn colonialism

  37. 1st Actions of Wilson • 1-repeal Panama Canal Tolls Act • 2-Jones Act 1916 • 3- Haiti Civil War 1915 • 4-Problems in Dom. Republic • 5-US buys Virgin Islands from Denmark 1917

  38. Mexican Revolution 1910 • Huerta seizes control of Mexico • Should US send troops to protect US Business? • Carranza, Pancho Villa & Emiliano Zapata fought against Huerta. • The U.S. also got involved by occupying Veracruz • Problems with US sailors in Tampico 1914 • Carranza would gain power in Mexico after Huerta’s gov’t collapses • Wilson sends Gen. Pershing to fight Villa as he attacks along US/Mexican Border

  39. Zapata Pancho Villa

  40. U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-1920s

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