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Matter

Matter. Objectives. Define the words: matter, mass, volume, solid, liquids , gas, substance, mixture, heterogeneous mixture, homogeneous mixture Differentiate between the physical and chemical properties of matter. Differentiate between a chemical change and a physical change.

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Matter

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  1. Matter

  2. Objectives • Define the words: matter, mass, volume, solid, liquids , gas, substance, mixture, heterogeneous mixture, homogeneous mixture • Differentiate between the physical and chemical properties of matter. • Differentiate between a chemical change and a physical change. • Differentiate between homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures.

  3. Definitions • Matter is anything that takes up space (has volume) and has mass. • Mass: amount of matter in an object. • Volume: amount of space occupied by an object.

  4. States of Matter • Solid- has a definite shape and a definite volume.

  5. States of Matter • Liquid- has a definite volume, but takes the shape of its container.

  6. States of Matter • Gas-takes both the shape and volume of its container.

  7. Checking Understanding 1. Which state of matter has a definite shape and volume? Answer: Solid 2. Which state of matter has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container? Answer: Liquid 3. Which state of matter takes both the shape and volume of its container? Answer: Gas

  8. The Chemical Difference • Atoms of solids are packed tightly together, only vibrating. • Atoms of liquids are packed more loosely, and can move more freely. • Atoms of gases move very freely in all directions.

  9. The Chemical Difference

  10. Properties of Matter • Physical Properties: can be measured/observed without changing the identity of the substance • Examples: color, mass, temperature, density, permeability, melting point, velocity (speed)

  11. Properties of Matter • Chemical Properties: cannot be measured/observed without changing the identity of the substance • Examples: flammability, acidity, toxicity, reactivity

  12. Changes In Matter: Physical • Physical Change: a change in a substance which does not change the identity of the substance • Examples: boiling water, breaking a branch off a tree, melting ice cream, recycling plastic

  13. Changes In Matter: Chemical • Chemical Change: a change that produced matter with a different composition than the original (changes its identity) • Examples: burning wood, most chemical reactions, rusting

  14. What is a physical change? • A physical change is a change in size, shape, or state of matter.

  15. Melting • Melting is a physical change.

  16. Freezing • Freezing is an example of physical change.

  17. Bending • Bending is a physical change.

  18. Tearing • Tearing into something is an example of a physical change.

  19. Scratching • Scratching the surface of something is a physical change.

  20. Breaking • Breaking an object is a physical change.

  21. What is a chemical change? • A chemical change is the change of one or more substances into different substances.

  22. Signs of a chemical change • Color change.

  23. Signs of a chemical change • Gas production. • Bubbles are made.

  24. Signs of a chemical change • Odor

  25. Signs of a chemical change • A sound.

  26. Signs of a chemical change • Heat is given off or taken in.

  27. Chemical or Physical Change? • Cutting wood.

  28. Chemical or Physical Change? • Rotten eggs.

  29. Chemical or Physical Change?

  30. Chemical or Physical Change? • Digestion.

  31. broken bottle, fried chicken, rusting chain, broken pencil, sliced apples, burning wood, frozen orange juice, moldy cheese Physical change Chemical change

  32. Substances and Mixtures

  33. What is a substance?

  34. Substances • Substance – matter that has a uniform and definite composition • Always has the same physical properties

  35. Substances • Examples: copper, water, carbon dioxide, ethanol (type of alcohol), sodium chloride (table salt), oxygen, carbon • NOT examples: cola, air, any living thing

  36. Mixtures • Mixture – blend of 2 or more substances • Compositions may vary • Strong or weak coffee • Blood sugar level • Soil • Ocean water

  37. Mixtures • Most forms of matter we encounter every day are mixtures

  38. Two Types of Mixtures • Heterogeneous mixture: not uniform in composition (one portion may be different than another)

  39. Two Types of Mixtures • Homogeneous mixture: uniform in composition (one portion will have the same ratio of substances as all others) • Ex. Salt water, air, stainless steel (Cr, Fe, and Ni) • Solution – another name for a homogeneous mixture (solid, liquid, or gas)

  40. Homogeneous or Heterogeneous • Are these mixtures homogeneous or heterogeneous? • Saltwater • Sandy water • Brewed tea • Orange juice with pulp in it • Water with ice cubes • Chicken noodle soup • milk

  41. Matter • http://www.mcwdn.org/chemist/pcchange.html • http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/ • http://www.fordhamprep.org/gcurran/sho/sho/lessons/lesson14.htm

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