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Empires of India

Explore the geographical features of India, including the Hindu Kush Mountain Range and the Ganges and Indus Rivers. Learn about the early societies of Harappa and MohenjoDaro, the Aryan civilization, and the social classes and caste system. Discover the Mauryan and Gupta Empires, and the rise and decline of the Mughal Empire.

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Empires of India

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  1. Empires of India

  2. Geography of India • Located in Southern Asia • Hindu Kush Mountain Range • Ganges River (East) • Indus River (West) • Flooding of rivers • Deccan plateau • Dry area • Monsoons- heavy rainfall and winds

  3. Early Societies • Harappa and MohenjoDaro • Located in Indus Valley • Carefully planned cities • Economy- Agriculture • Used silt from annual flooding • Advanced plumbing system • Well organized government • Ruled by divine guidance- Theocracy

  4. Aryan Civilization • Society who moved into the Indus River Valley following the collapse of Harrappa and MohenjoDaro • Sanskrit- ancient writing language • Vedas (Collection of hymns and prayers) • Created the iron plow- allowed farmers to move into dense jungle areas • Used irrigation in farming • Families • Extended family all lived together

  5. Social Classes • Caste system- rigid social structure, can not move between classes • Varnas- 4 sections of society • Higher the caste the greater religious purity (Based off of Hinduism) • Priests • Warriors • Merchants/ farmers • Peasants/ servants • *Untouchables- so impure not in the caste system, demeaning jobs

  6. Mauryan Empire Mauryan Empire • Great trading empire, provinces ruled by governors • Bureaucratic Government • Hand chose rulers and officials • 4 provinces- 4 princes • Capital- Pataliputra • Chandragupta Maurya- founder 321 B.C. • Fear of assassination- food always tasted for poison, never slept in the same place 2 nights in a row, secret police

  7. Mauryan Empire Continued • Asoka- Considered greatest Indian ruler • Converted Empire to Buddhism- Tolerance of non-Buddhist • No warfare • Creation of road system • “pit stops” over all care for the people • Declined following Asoka’s death • 500 years of war and problems to follow • Very weak rulers

  8. Gupta Empire • Candragupta- founder 320 A.D. • Placed the capital were the palace of the Mauryan empire was (Pataliputra) • “Empire of Luxury”- Golden Age of India • Use of The Silk Road in trading • Salt, cloth, and iron trade • Decline- Invaded by the Huns, 5th Century

  9. Accomplishments of the Gupta • Literature • Shakuntala • Astronomy- use of a calendar, developed weeks and hours • Architecture- stupa • housed relics of Buddha, domed shaped • Medicine • Catalog of diseases and more than 500 plants • Performing of surgery • Including plastic surgery • Mathematics- Decimal point system and the concept of 0

  10. Mughal Empire • 1526- Mughals Invaded • Akbar- greatest ruler of the Muhgals (Fair and Just ruler) • Shah Jahan- ruler who built the Taj Mahal • Tomb for his wife • Took 22 years to build • Walls and floors are inlayed with precious stones *Overthrown by his own son

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