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Objective 10

Objective 10. Name the six types of synovial joints based on the movements they allow. Features of Synovial Joints. Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) covers the ends of bones Joint surfaces are enclosed by a fibrous articular capsule Have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid

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Objective 10

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  1. Objective 10 Name the six types of synovial joints based on the movements they allow.

  2. Features of Synovial Joints • Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) covers the ends of bones • Joint surfaces are enclosed by a fibrous articular capsule • Have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid • Ligaments reinforce the joint • Bursae – flattened fibrous sacs • Lined with synovial membranes • Filled with synovial fluid

  3. The Synovial Joint Figure 5.28

  4. Plane Joint 1. Plane joints • Articular surfaces are essentially flat • Allow only slipping or gliding movements • Small bones of Wrist & ankle Figure 8.7a

  5. Types of Synovial Joints 2. Hinge joints • Cylindrical projections of one bone fits into a trough-shaped surface on another • Motion is along a single plane • permit flexion and extension only • Examples: elbow and interphalangeal joints

  6. Hinge Joints Figure 8.7b

  7. 3. Pivot Joints Rounded end of one bone protrudes into a “sleeve,” or ring, composed of bone (and possibly ligaments) of another • Will rotate on an axis • Examples: joint between the axis and the atlas (neck) , and the proximal radioulnar joint (forearm)

  8. Pivot Joints Figure 8.7c

  9. 4. Condyloid or Ellipsoidal Joints • Oval surface of one bone fits into a depression in another • Both articular surfaces are oval • Biaxial joints permit all angular motions • Examples: radiocarpal (wrist) joints, and metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints

  10. Condyloid or Ellipsoidal Joints Figure 8.7d

  11. 5. Saddle Joints • Similar to condyloid joints but allow greater movement • Each articular surface has both a concave and a convex surface • Example: carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

  12. Saddle Joints Figure 8.7e

  13. 6. Ball-and-Socket Joints • A spherical or hemispherical head of one bone articulates with a cuplike socket of another • Multiaxial joints permit the most freely moving synovial joints • Examples: shoulder and hip joints

  14. Ball-and-Socket Joints Figure 8.7f

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