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Grammar Book

Grammar Book. Pedro Oliver. Table of Contents. Nationalities Stem Change Para IOP Object Pronoun Placement Gustar Affirmative and Negative Words Superlatives Reflexives Affirmative tú commands/Irregulars/Pronoun Placement Negative tú commands/Irregulars/Pronoun Placement

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Grammar Book

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  1. Grammar Book Pedro Oliver

  2. Table of Contents • Nationalities • Stem Change • Para • IOP • Object Pronoun Placement • Gustar • Affirmative and Negative Words • Superlatives • Reflexives • Affirmative tú commands/Irregulars/Pronoun Placement • Negative túcommands/Irregulars/Pronoun Placement • Sequencing Events • Preterite • Trigger words • -car, -gar, -zar • Debber + Infinitive • Modal Verbs • Present Progressive • Adverbs

  3. Nationalities

  4. Stem Change Podero → ue Jugaru → ue Pediri → e Pensare → ie

  5. Para • Use para (for, in order to) to indicate • The recipient of items, • Purpose • Implied Purpose

  6. Indirect Object Pronouns

  7. Object Pronoun Placement • Attach the pronoun to the infinitive • Attach the pronoun to a progressive tense • Attach the pronoun to an affirmative command • Attach the pronoun before a conjugated verb

  8. Gustar Singular Plural

  9. Affirmative and Negative Words • When you want to talk about indefinite or negative situations

  10. Superlatives • When you add an ending to an adverb and adjective to make it the “most”: • Ísimo/a • Ísimos/as • Grandísimo= biggest • Words ending in q, g, or z change to qu, gu, or c. (respectively)

  11. Reflexive • To describe people doing things for themselves. Lavarse: To bathe oneself

  12. Affirmative tú commands/Irregulars/Pronoun Placement • A tú command in 3rd person: Come! • An irregular affirmative tú is when a pronoun is used with an affirmative command: Ponteotracamisa! • The object pronoun attaches to the end of the command: Crúzalo!

  13. Negative túcommands/Irregulars/Pronoun Placement • When you tell someone what not to do. These are formed by taking the yo form of a verb, dropping the –o and adding the appropriate ending. • Irregular negative túcommands are when the yo forms do not end in –o • Object pronouns precede the verbs: No lo uses!

  14. Sequencing Events • Primero- first • Entonces- next • Luego/Después- after • Por fin- finally • Antes de/Despuésde- Before/After • Por la mañana/tarde/noche- in/during the … • Los lunes etc.- days if the week

  15. Prederite “Snapshot in Time”

  16. Trigger Words • Use to tell when to use prederite: • Un día • Unavez • Ayer • A noche • Hace un año • Ya • El mas pasado • Ante ayer • Porunaahora • Por fin • A las … • El … de …

  17. -car, -gar,-zar • Only changes in “yo” form • Car- yo- qué • Gar- yo- gué • Zar- yo- cé

  18. Deber + Infinitive • Deber= Should / ought to … • Use the conjugated form with an infinitive verb • Yodebo leer. • Yodebolimpiar.

  19. Modal Verbs • When verbs are used in modal verb combinations: • The 2nd verb is not conjugated, but rather left in the infinitive form

  20. Present Progressive • When you use adverbs with present progressive, you put them: • Before the conjugated form of estar • Attach them to the end of the present participle • Estoysacándolasparaalgomuyimportante

  21. Adverbs • To make an adverb, add –mente to the the end of an adjective (if it ends in -e, -l, or -z). • If the adjective ends in –a or –o, you add –mente to the feminine form.

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