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Commas- Items in a Series

Commas- Items in a Series. Use to separate words : Ex: All my aunts, cousins, and uncles came to our family reunion Use to separate phrases : Ex: The children played in the yard, at the playground, and by the pond. Use to separate clauses :

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Commas- Items in a Series

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  1. Commas- Items in a Series • Use to separate words: • Ex: All my aunts, cousins, and uncles came to our family reunion • Use to separate phrases: Ex: The children played in the yard, at the playground, and by the pond. • Use to separate clauses: Ex: Those who had flown to the reunion, who had driven many miles, or who had even taken time off from their jobs were glad they had made the effort to be there.

  2. Commas- Items in a Series • Clarification: • If all items in a series are joined by and, or, or nor, do not use commas to separate them. Ex: I need tacks and nails and a hammer. • Short independent clauses may be separated by commas. Ex: The engine roared, the wheels spun, and a cloud of dust swirled behind the car.

  3. Commas- Items in a Series • Use commas to separate two or more adjectives preceding a noun. Ex: Are you going to that hot, crowded, noisy mall? Exception!…unless the last adjective in a series is thought of as part of the noun: Ex: I study in our small dining room.

  4. Commas- Appositives Appositives can be at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence. An appositive is a nonessential clause, phrase, or word that just brings out the elaboration of the sentence. Ex: If you see smoke, you know there is a fire. Ex: Susan’s brother, who is a senior, works part time at the mall. Ex: You should try out for quarterback, in my opinion.

  5. Commas- Introductory Elements/Direct Address • Use a comma to set off a mild exclamation. Ex: Why, you’re Andy’s brother, aren’t you? Ex: Yes, she’s going to the cafeteria. • Use a comma to set off who is being spoken to. Ex: Linda, you know the rules. Ex: I need my money, Josh.

  6. Commas- Conventional Uses • Separate items in dates and addresses. Ex: After Tuesday, August 23, 2012, address all letters to 1234 Main Street, Wilmington, NC 28401. Exception: commas are not needed if the day precedes the month or if only the day and year are given. Ex: Bill Clinton took office on 20 January 1993. Ex: Hurricane Andrew hit southern Florida in August 1992.

  7. Commas- Conventional Uses • After the salutation of a personal letter: Ex: My dear Anna, ….and after the closing of ANY letter: Ex: Sincerely yours, • To set off abbreviations when they follow a person’s name: Ex: Allen Davis, Sr. Ex: Carol Smith, M.D.

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