V. Cisar Division of Concepts and Planning

1. Regional Training Course on State Systems of Accounting for and Control of Nuclear Material for States in the Middle East with Limited Nuclear Material and Activities Amman, Jordan, 17 to 21 January 2010 Session 5.2 The Role of National Inspectors V. Cisar Division of Concepts and Planning

2. Outline • State Obligations - Assurance of Fulfilment • Objectives of National Verification • Inspection/Audit to ensure • Licensing – Reviewing - Auditing • Verification Activities • Resources Required for Verification • Synergies • SSAC & IAEA Verification Activities • Summary

3. State Obligations - Assurance of Fulfilment • To accept safeguards on all nuclear material(para 1 of INFCIRC/153) • Agency and State shall co-operate (‘to facilitate the safeguards implementation’ - para 2 of INFCIRC/153) • To establish and maintain a State System of Accounting for and Control of nuclear material ~ SSAC(para 7 of INFCIRC/153) • To provide information to Agency (para 8 of INFCIRC/153)

4. State Obligations - Assurance of Fulfilment • To provide access to Agency inspectors(‘to ensure that inspectors can effectively discharge their functions’ – para 9 of INFCIRC/153) • To provide additional informationto Agency (Art. 2 of INFCIRC/540) • To provide additional accessto Agency inspectors (Arts. 4-9 of INFCIRC/540)

5. Objectives of National Verification SSAC obligation: • account for and control of nuclear material • collect and maintain information on nuclear and related activities • provide information to IAEA (reports, declarations)

6. Objectives of National Verification Objective of verification is to ensure: • correctness and completeness of information • compliance with obligations (NPT, CSA, AP) • enforcement of regulationsand requirements

7. Inspection/Audit to ensure that: • Safeguards measures being applied to all nuclear material, and as appropriate, to nuclear relevant activities and facilities, under the control or jurisdiction of the State • Information regarding fuel cycle and all relevant nuclear material subject to safeguards instruments is available • Other elements of the safeguards infrastructure are in place

8. Inspection/Audit to ensure that: • Facility operators are capable, trained and appropriately equipped to implement safeguards requirements • Facility operators are ready to supportAgency activities • maintain contact • provide clarifications, amplifications • support inspection, complementary access • maintain quality performance of SSAC at the Facility Level

9. Licensing – Reviewing - Auditing License application is required to include a description of operator’s NMAC program Regulatory authority reviews application before to issue a license if NMAC program (together with the rest of application) is adequate Once license is issued, NMAC program becomes a license condition and its performance should be audited as appropriate 9

10. Verification Activities Information to be verified • nuclear material and its applications • mining and ore processing • equipment manufacturing • export/import activities • plans

11. Verification Activities Inspection (on-site) • examination of records • physical inventory verification (identification/detection/measurement) • verification of declared use Information analysis • use of different information sources • government, enterprise, operator …

12. Resources Required for Verification • legal basis • access to location and material • authorization for activities • human resources • inspector(s) • technical knowledge, training

13. Resources Required for Verification • technical resources • transportation • equipment (measuring, recording) • communication • financial resources

14. Synergies Domestic “safeguards” verification activities may build on or contribute to other domestic control regimes: • control of radioactive materials • radiation safety • physical protection • export/import control system

15. SSAC & IAEA Verification Activities SSAC obligation: • “...co-operate [with IAEA] to facilitate the implementation of [IAEA] safeguards...” • provide assistance to IAEA on-site activities SSAC & IAEA verification activities ?!?

16. SSAC & IAEA Verification Activities 3 possible levels of cooperation • the “enabling” level • the “joint activities” level • the “SSAC inspection” level

17. Possible Levels of Cooperation • the “enabling” level which is comprised of activities carried out by the SSAC that have the objective of enabling the Agency to meet its mandate in an efficient and effective manner. • the “joint activities” level where there is a sharing of activities such that both sides gain efficiencies. • the “SSAC inspection” level where the Agency, again under appropriate circumstances, would use the results of SSAC inspection activities in drawing its safeguards conclusions.

18. Summary The objective of national verification, validation, inspection, audit activities is to ensure: • Compliance of the State with its obligations (NPT, CSA, AP) • Effective and efficient maintenance of the SSAC • Correctness and completeness of information (collected and submitted to the Agency) • Appropriate co-operation with the Agency (to facilitate the safeguards implementation)