Biology EOCT Review PART II

1. Biology EOCT ReviewPART II Milton High School

2. 1. At a crime scene, detectives collected strands of hair and dusted surfaces to gather fingerprints. Forensic scientists compared the fingerprints using the computer database and analyzed the DNA in the hair. What characteristics of fingerprints and DNA help police solve the crime? Fingerprints and DNA can show the sex of the individual. Both DNA and fingerprints are unique to an individual. The state of fingerprints and DNA can show what time the crime occurred. Fingerprints and DNA tell whether the person is young or old.

3. 1. At a crime scene, detectives collected strands of hair and dusted surfaces to gather fingerprints. Forensic scientists compared the fingerprints using the computer database and analyzed the DNA in the hair. What characteristics of fingerprints and DNA help police solve the crime? Fingerprints and DNA can show the sex of the individual. Both DNA and fingerprints are unique to an individual. The state of fingerprints and DNA can show what time the crime occurred. Fingerprints and DNA tell whether the person is young or old.

4. 2. Without enzymes, the chemical reactions in living things Would happen at the same rate as they do with enzymes Would happen too rapidly to support cellular processes Would happen, only with different reactants Would happen too slowly to support cellular processes

5. 2. Without enzymes, the chemical reactions in living things Would happen at the same rate as they do with enzymes Would happen too rapidly to support cellular processes Would happen, only with different reactants Would happen too slowly to support cellular processes

6. 3. Which of the following is not a function of carbohydrates in cells? Energy sources Catalysts Structural materials Cellular identification

7. 3. Which of the following is not a function of carbohydrates in cells? Energy sources Catalysts Structural materials Cellular identification

8. 4. The function of nucleic acids is Assisting in chemical reactions in cells Storing and transmitting cellular information Storing energy for cells Providing structure to the nucleus of cells

9. 4. The function of nucleic acids is Assisting in chemical reactions in cells Storing and transmitting cellular information Storing energy for cells Providing structure to the nucleus of cells

10. 5. Which of the following helps plant cells remain rigid? Cell membrane Nucleus Chloroplast Central vacuole

11. 5. Which of the following helps plant cells remain rigid? Cell membrane Nucleus Chloroplast Central vacuole

12. 6. In what level is there the least energy available? Producers Primary consumer Secondary consumer Tertiary consumer

13. 6. In what level is there the least energy available? Producers Primary consumer Secondary consumer Tertiary consumer

14. 7. Which vital substance is produced by the mitochondrion? Protein DNA ATP Water

15. 7. Which vital substance is produced by the mitochondrion? Protein DNA ATP Water

16. 8. What type of cell is shown in the diagram? Eukaryotic cell Prokaryotic cell Viral cell Plant cell

17. 8. What type of cell is shown in the diagram? Eukaryotic cell Prokaryotic cell Viral cell Plant cell

18. 9. Which of the following is not a property of all living cells? Are composed of chemical elements Are the basic unit of function of living things Come from other cells Are indistinguishable from viruses

19. 9. Which of the following is not a property of all living cells? Are composed of chemical elements Are the basic unit of function of living things Come from other cells Are indistinguishable from viruses

20. 10. What is the main difference between cells in unicellular organisms and cells in in multi-cellular organisms? Cells in multi-cellular organisms are specialized to perform only certain tasks. Cells in unicellular organisms are organized into tissues and organs. Cells in unicellular organisms divide at a faster rate than cells in multi-cellular organisms. Cells in multi-cellular organisms contain only half of the genetic material as cells in unicellular organisms.

21. 10. What is the main difference between cells in unicellular organisms and cells in in multi-cellular organisms? Cells in multi-cellular organisms are specialized to perform only certain tasks. Cells in unicellular organisms are organized into tissues and organs. Cells in unicellular organisms divide at a faster rate than cells in multi-cellular organisms. Cells in multi-cellular organisms contain only half of the genetic material as cells in unicellular organisms.

22. 11. Which of the following does not describe a function of the cell membrane? Cell membranes maintain homeostasis by controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell. The cell membrane contains many different proteins that enable a cell to detect and respond to its surroundings. The cell membrane participates in both active and passive transport. The cell membrane aids in both mitosis and meiosis.

23. 11. Which of the following does not describe a function of the cell membrane? Cell membranes maintain homeostasis by controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell. The cell membrane contains many different proteins that enable a cell to detect and respond to its surroundings. The cell membrane participates in both active and passive transport. The cell membrane aids in both mitosis and meiosis.

24. 12. What cell structure identifies a cell as eukaryotic? Cell membrane DNA Nucleus Ribosome

25. 12. What cell structure identifies a cell as eukaryotic? Cell membrane DNA Nucleus Ribosome

26. Speckled (Bb) Dark Brown (BB) Light Brown (bb) 13. The population of crabs living on a sandy beach exhibits three colors: dark brown, light brown, and speckled. The genotypes of these colors are BB for dark brown, bb for light brown, and Bb for speckled. The speckled color blends in extremely well with the color of the sand on the beach. The pattern appears to provide the speckled crabs with some protection from predatory birds. Based on your knowledge of natural selection and the information above, which of the following conclusions can be drawn? Only the speckled crabs will survive and all of the offspring will be speckled. The allele for light brown color will be lost because of predatory birds eating light brown crabs. The allele for dark brown color will be lost because of predatory birds eating dark brown crabs. Both allele for dark brown and the allele for light brown will continue to be passed on in the crab population.

27. Speckled (Bb) Dark Brown (BB) Light Brown (bb) 13. The population of crabs living on a sandy beach exhibits three colors: dark brown, light brown, and speckled. The genotypes of these colors are BB for dark brown, bb for light brown, and Bb for speckled. The speckled color blends in extremely well with the color of the sand on the beach. The pattern appears to provide the speckled crabs with some protection from predatory birds. Based on your knowledge of natural selection and the information above, which of the following conclusions can be drawn? Only the speckled crabs will survive and all of the offspring will be speckled. The allele for light brown color will be lost because of predatory birds eating light brown crabs. The allele for dark brown color will be lost because of predatory birds eating dark brown crabs. Both allele for dark brown and the allele for light brown will continue to be passed on in the crab population.

28. 1 2 3 4 14. Meiosis allows for genetic variation of offspring because parental alleles can be combined in different ways. A Punnett square shows how parental alleles can combine. The Punnett square below shows a cross between two rabbits. Black fur (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). What would be the phenotype of the offspring indicated by Box 3? Brown Mixture of brown and black Black The phenotype cannot be determined.

29. 1 2 3 4 14. Meiosis allows for genetic variation of offspring because parental alleles can be combined in different ways. A Punnett square shows how parental alleles can combine. The Punnett square below shows a cross between two rabbits. Black fur (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). What would be the phenotype of the offspring indicated by Box 3? Brown Mixture of brown and black Black The phenotype cannot be determined.

30. 15. Variation within organisms within a species increases the chance that a species will survive changing conditions. What kind of reproduction produces the most variation within a species? Asexual reproduction Budding Parthenogenesis Sexual reproduction

31. 15. Variation within organisms within a species increases the chance that a species will survive changing conditions. What kind of reproduction produces the most variation within a species? Asexual reproduction Budding Parthenogenesis Sexual reproduction

32. 16. Which statement explains why approximately half of an individual’s DNA sequence comes from each parent? A cell from one parent undergoes meiosis, producing offspring cells that have both parents’ DNA. A cell from one parent undergoes mitotic cell division, producing offspring cells that have only half of the parent’s DNA. Cells in the parents undergo meiosis, producing haploid gametes that meet up during fertilization to produce a diploid individual. Cells that parents undergo mitosis, producing offspring cells that meet up during fertilization to produce an individual with half of each parent’s DNA.

33. 16. Which statement explains why approximately half of an individual’s DNA sequence comes from each parent? A cell from one parent undergoes meiosis, producing offspring cells that have both parents’ DNA. A cell from one parent undergoes mitotic cell division, producing offspring cells that have only half of the parent’s DNA. Cells in the parents undergo meiosis, producing haploid gametes that meet up during fertilization to produce a diploid individual. Cells that parents undergo mitosis, producing offspring cells that meet up during fertilization to produce an individual with half of each parent’s DNA.

34. 17. If a speckled crab (Bb) were crossed with another speckled crab (Bb), what are the chances that their offspring would have a heterozygous genotype? 0% 50% 75% 100%

35. 17. If a speckled crab (Bb) were crossed with another speckled crab (Bb), what are the chances that their offspring would have a heterozygous genotype? 0% 50% 75% 100%

36. 18. For a certain plant, purple flowers (P) are dominant, and white flowers (p) are recessive. A homozygous purple plant is crossed with a homozygous white plant. What are the possible genotypes of the offspring? pp only PP only Pp only PP, pp, and Pp

37. 18. For a certain plant, purple flowers (P) are dominant, and white flowers (p) are recessive. A homozygous purple plant is crossed with a homozygous white plant. What are the possible genotypes of the offspring? pp only PP only Pp only PP, pp, and Pp

38. 19. RNA is chemically similar to DNA except that it contains ribose instead of deoxyribose, and the base thymine is replaced by alanine adenine uracil cytosine

39. 19. RNA is chemically similar to DNA except that it contains ribose instead of deoxyribose, and the base thymine is replaced by alanine adenine uracil cytosine

40. 20. What is the major source of new alleles in natural populations? Mutations in somatic cells Mutations in sex cells Adaptations in individual organisms Trait selection by natural selection

41. 20. What is the major source of new alleles in natural populations? Mutations in somatic cells Mutations in sex cells Adaptations in individual organisms Trait selection by natural selection

42. 21. Carl Linnaeus’s system of classification was based on his judgment of the importance of various similarities among living things. Scientists have traditionally used similarities in appearance and structure to group organisms. However, this approach has proven problematic. Identify one way that this approach could be problematic. Some groups look different and are not related. Some groups look similar but are not closely related. Some groups look different but are related. There is not consistent relationship between structures and relatedness.

43. 21. Carl Linnaeus’s system of classification was based on his judgment of the importance of various similarities among living things. Scientists have traditionally used similarities in appearance and structure to group organisms. However, this approach has proven problematic. Identify one way that this approach could be problematic. Some groups look different and are not related. Some groups look similar but are not closely related. Some groups look different but are related. There is not consistent relationship between structures and relatedness.

44. 22. Jackrabbits live in warm environments in the southwestern United States. They have short hair and long ears that help them radiate heat. What would most likely happen to the jackrabbit population if the environment slowly began to cool? The jackrabbit population would migrate farther north. The jackrabbit population would definitely become extinct. The jackrabbit population would evolve to have longer, wider ears. The jackrabbit population would evolve to have thicker coat and hair.

45. 22. Jackrabbits live in warm environments in the southwestern United States. They have short hair and long ears that help them radiate heat. What would most likely happen to the jackrabbit population if the environment slowly began to cool? The jackrabbit population would migrate farther north. The jackrabbit population would definitely become extinct. The jackrabbit population would evolve to have longer, wider ears. The jackrabbit population would evolve to have thicker coat and hair.

46. 23. Which of the following statements identifies the characteristics of fungi? Fungi are heterotrophic, have cell walls, and have threadlike bodies. Fungi are autotrophic, have cell walls, and have threadlike bodies. Fungi are heterotrophic, lack cell walls, and have hollow bodies. Fungi are heterotrophic, lack cell walls, and have threadlike bodies.

47. 23. Which of the following statements identifies the characteristics of fungi? Fungi are heterotrophic, have cell walls, and have threadlike bodies. Fungi are autotrophic, have cell walls, and have threadlike bodies. Fungi are heterotrophic, lack cell walls, and have hollow bodies. Fungi are heterotrophic, lack cell walls, and have threadlike bodies.

48. 24.All protists Are parasites Move toward the light Have a true nucleus Use flagella to move

49. 24. All protists Are parasites Move toward the light Have a true nucleus Use flagella to move

50. 25. Which terrestrial biome is characterized by high precipitation, relatively infertile soil, heavily forested land, and high levels of biodiversity? Temperate deciduous forest Taiga Tropical rain forest Savanna