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Integrated Food Waste Management for Climate Change Mitigation in Developing Asian Countries

Integrated Waste Management and Resource Efficiency . Integrated Food Waste Management for Climate Change Mitigation in Developing Asian Countries. Janya SANG-ARUN, Researcher Magnus BENGTSSON, Senior Policy Researcher Taib SHAZWIN, Intern. Introduction to IGES.

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Integrated Food Waste Management for Climate Change Mitigation in Developing Asian Countries

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  1. Integrated Waste Management and Resource Efficiency Integrated Food Waste Management for Climate Change Mitigation in Developing Asian Countries Janya SANG-ARUN, Researcher Magnus BENGTSSON, Senior Policy Researcher Taib SHAZWIN, Intern

  2. Introduction to IGES • IGES is an NPO based in Japan (5 branch offices) • Working on policy-research and providing services and facilitating policy development to Ministries in Japan (esp. Ministry of Environment) and Governments in Asia and the Pacific. • 7 Divisions: Waste and Resources Management, Natural Resource Management (Forest, Fresh Water, Biodiversity), Climate Policy, Climate Market Mechanism, Environmental Education, Economic Analysis, and Program Management Office. • Download publications: www.iges.or.jp

  3. Presentation outline • Potential GHG emissions and reductions from food waste • Food waste management hierarchy based on 3Rs • Example of food waste management in Cambodia, Thailand and India • Conclusion

  4. Waste composition in developing Asia countries *Compile from various sources ** toxic link, 2002

  5. Potential GHG emissions through landfill of food waste

  6. Potential GHG emissions reduction through waste reduction, composting, and anaerobic digestion

  7. Preferable food waste management technology • Low GHG emissions • Efficient resource recovery • Low energy input • Low monetary investment • Low environmental impact • Simple and easy to handle

  8. Integrated food waste management hierarchy Reduce Reuse Recycle Recovery

  9. Urban Composting in Phnom Penh, Cambodia • Waste generation is 1,200 ton/day • 30 ton/day of waste from food market is composting by a NGO (COMPED)

  10. Compost price is 75 USD/ton of compost • GHG emissions reduction is around 1.7 tCO2eq/day

  11. Urban Composting in Bangkok, Thailand • Waste generation : 8,500 tons/day • Composting: 1,000 tons/day of waste • Compost price: 63 USD/ton • GHG emissions reduction: 659 tCO2eq/day

  12. Household composting in Bangkok (pilot scale)

  13. Anaerobic digestion in Rayong, Thailand • Waste generation: 60 tons/day • Capacity of the plant: 60 tons/day • Actual operation: 25-30 tons/day • Use of biogas: Generating electricity  sell to national grid • GHG emissions reduction: 26 tCO2eq/day

  14. Anaerobic digestion in Kerala, India • Initiated by BIOTECH India (Trivandrum, Kochi, etc) • 35% of investment cost is subsidized • 16,000 household with waste input of 3 kg/day • 220 community’s digesters • 25 schools with capacity of 50 kg of waste per day • 45 plants with capacity of 250 kg of waste per day is generating electricity from biogas produced • 30-50% saving LPG use for cooking • Short term economic return

  15. Biogas plant at a school in Trivandrum • Plant capacity: 100 kgs of waste input • Current waste input: 25-30 kgs + 20 l kitchen wastewater • Energy saving: 35% • Effluent: use as liquid fertilizer in school • Plan to collect food waste from other organization

  16. Biogas plant at YWCA (dormitory) in Trivandrum • Capacity: 25 kgs of waste input • Waste input: 25 kgs waste + 75 kitchen wastewater • Effluent: discharge to wastewater canal • Energy saving: not yet obvious

  17. Biogas plant at a fish market in Trivandrum • Capacity: 250 kgs waste input/day • Use of biogas: Generating electricity (5kW) for lighting the market and community road

  18. Household biogas project in Trivandrum • Waste input 3 kg/day • Size: 1 m3 • Biogas use: cooking • Effluent: use for gardening • Saving 50% of LPG for cooking

  19. Mechanical Biological Pre-Treatment (MBT) • Implement in Phitsanulok, Thailand since 1999 • Could reduce GHG emissions and extend lifetime of landfill • Plastic waste is segregated before dumping into landfill

  20. Conclusion • Food waste contributes large amount of GHG emissions from the waste sector of developing Asian countries. • The government should promote use of food waste as a resource (e.g. animal feed, biogas, and composting) in household or community scale. • To increase efficiency of food waste utilization, food waste separation at source is required. • Not all of food waste can be separated, MBT should be applied for mixed waste.

  21. IGES future work on food waste and climate change • Supporting local governments by developing an implementation guideline and decision tool for promoting use of organic waste in Laos, Cambodia and Thailand. • Providing training workshop to local governments in Laos, Cambodia and Thailand. • Study on multiple benefits of organic waste management. • Biomass town for resource efficiency and climate change mitigation in developing Asian countries.

  22. Acknowledgement • Financial supporters: • Ministry of Environment, Japan (MOEJ) • Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN) • CCDC2010 Organizers

  23. Thank You

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