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Ashford University. APA Guidelines. Key I s sues. What is a “Sty l e”? What to Cite Where to Cite How to Create I n -Text Citat i ons How to Create A Refere n ce List Plag i aris m. What Is a Style?.
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Ashford University APA Guidelines
Key Issues • Whatisa“Style”? • WhattoCite • WheretoCite • HowtoCreateIn-TextCitations • HowtoCreateAReferenceList • Plagiarism
What Isa Style? Essentialinformationand standardsthatwritersinaspecific organization,institution,orfield usetoensureclarityand consistencyinwrittendocuments
Common Styles • APA: Social Science, Counseling,andEducation • MLA:Humanities • AP: Journalism • Turabian: Humanities • CSE: NaturalSciences • Chicago: Corporate • GPO: Government, • Banking,and Insurance • AMA/NLM:Medicine • Microsoft Manual andRead Me First (SunMicrosystems): HighTechCompanies • Various Universityand ProprietaryGuides
What aStyle Addresses • Prescribeshowto formatyourpaper • Statespreferencesforgrammarandword usage • Prescribestheformatforcitingsourcesin the textofyourpaper:footnotes,endnotes,or parentheticalcitations • Prescribestheformatforcitingsourcesat the endof yourpaper: Bibliography,Works Cited page,or ReferenceList
Your Job as a Researcher • Findacceptableandappropriateresearch materials. • Paraphrasethematerials(putitinto your • ownwords--quotesparingly) • Synthesizethe materials(combineit with • otherresearchyoufoundin yourpaper) • Formatyourpaperandcite all sourcesin theapprovedstyle (APA)
Approved Ashford Style APA6theditionistheapproved styleforAshfordUniversity undergraduateandgraduate courses.
What toCite Allideasnotyour own,whether quoted orparaphrased, UNLESS theideaiscommonknowledge or theideaiseasilyverified
Where to Cite • APArequires that you cite each source • twice: • In abrief citationin thetextadjacentto the borrowed idea (usually the author anddate) • In an alphabeticalreferencelistat the endof your paper.
Howto Create In-Text Citations • Thein-textcitationshouldenablethe readerto • findthe sourcein the referencelist. • Findexamplesof APAin-textcitationsin the • AshfordWritingCenter APAmaterials. • Ifyoufinda modeljust likeyoursource,follow itexactly.If youdon’t,findthe modelclosest to yours,followit,ormodifyitto fityoursource.
Howto Create a Reference List • Findanexampleofa referencecitationfor yourtypeof source(book,periodical,Web page,etc.) in the AshfordWritingCenter APAreferenceexamples. • Finda modelsimilarto yoursource.Ifthe modelis just likeyours,followit exactly.If not,findthe closestexampleandmodifyitor combinemodelsforcompleteinformation. • Putall yoursourcesin alphabeticalorder.
What isPlagiarism? Plagiarismisrepresenting another’sworkasyourownor closelyadheringtothecontent orarrangementofworkother thanyourown,withoutcitation. Itisliterallytheft.
Plagiarism Policies • Plagiarismisaseriousoffense • prohibitedbyUniversitypolicy. • Faculty arerequiredtoreport suspected plagiarismanda formalinvestigativeprocedure isconducted.
Examples of Plagiarism • Plagiarismcanbeintentionalorunintentional.Here aresomeplagiarismexamples: • Submittingapaperwrittenbysomeoneotherthan yourselfor“recycling”apaperyouwrote fora previouscourse. • Submittingapaperyoupurchased on the Internet or foundonline. • Forgettingto include referencesforoutside • materialyouusedin yourpaper. • Makingupinformationbecauseyouforgotto record itduringyourresearch.
Plagiarism Consequences Possibleconsequencesifyouare foundguiltyofplagiarism: Fullor partialloss of assignmentcredit Fullorpartialloss of coursecredit Suspensionfromthe University Expulsionfromthe University
Howto Avoid Plagiarism • Be organized;keepgoodnotesof all • sourcesyoufind. • Includein-textcitationsandreferencesfor alloutsideideas,whetheryouquoteor paraphrase(putthemin yourownwords). • TheRule of Four—don’tusemorethanfour wordsin arowfroma source.Don’tjust copy;putinformationin yourownwords.
TheBottom Line • Startworkingonyourpapersand presentationsearlyto allowtime for research,writing,andediting. • Be organizedin collectingresearchand • documentingsourcesas youusethem. • Referto the materialsherein the Ashford WritingCenteronhowto formatyour paperandproperlycite yoursources.