INTRODUCTION TO THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

1. The Pectoral Girdle INTRODUCTION TO THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

2. Histology of Bone Tissue Bone Function and Structure Bone Growth & Development Joints The Axial Skeleton The Pectoral Girdle The Upper Limbs The Pelvic Girdle The Lower Limbs oVERVIEW

3. 22 bones in skull 6 in middle ears 1 hyoid bone 26 in vertebral column 25 in thoracic cage 4 in pectoral girdle 60 in upper limbs 60 in lower limbs 2 in pelvic girdle 206 bones in all Some Numbers…

4. The Appendicular Skeleton

5. Structures: • Clavicles and scapulae • 2 pairs of bones • 4 total The Pectoral Girdle

6. Functions: • Help brace shoulders • Attachment sites for muscles • Note: The Pectoral Girdle has much more flexibility than the Pelvic Girdle due to its location: the Pectoral Girdle is at the top of the vertebra, so it does not have to hold nearly as much weight as the Pelvic Girdle, which is at the bottom of vertebra (and must also protect the reproductive organs). The Pectoral Girdle

7. Joints of the Pectoral Girdle: • Only point of connection to axial skeletal system: • Clavicle joint with Manubrium part of Sternum • Other parts of Pectoral Girdle are connected to muscles • Joints (3): gliding joint between clavicle and scapula • Where most sports injuries occur • Saddle-type joint between clavicle and sternum • Ball-and-socket type joint between upper limb and scapula The Pectoral Girdle

8. The pectoral Girdle

9. The Pectoral Girdle

10. The Axial Skeleton

11. Histology of Bone Tissue Bone Function and Structure Bone Growth & Development Joints The Axial Skeleton The Pectoral Girdle The Upper Limbs The Pelvic Girdle The Lower Limbs Summary