Other Americans Seek Rights

1. Other Americans Seek Rights Chapter 26 – Section 4

2. Women’s Rights Movement

3. Background • The Women's Rights Movement of the 1960s was a second wave of activism. • The women's movement of the 1960s drew inspiration from the civil rights movement • It was made up of members of the middle class Martin Luther King Jr. giving his"I Have A Dream“, 1963

4. National Organization for Women (NOW) • Founded in 1966. • Founded by a group of people, including Betty Friedan, and Rev. Pauli Murray. • The first African-American woman Episcopal priest. • Betty Friedan became the organization's first president.

5. NOW (con’t.) The goal of NOW is to bring about equality for all women. They campaigned to gain passage of the ERA amendment at the state level. Issues NOW deals with: works to eliminate discrimination and harassment in the workplace, schools, and the justice system. end all forms of violence against women eradicate racism, and sexism promote equality and justice in society.

6. Betty Friedan • Wrote the book, Feminine Mystique in 1963. • In her book, she depicted the roles of women in industrial societies. • She focused most of her attention on the housewife role of women. • She referred to the problem of gender roles as "the problem without a name". • The book became a bestseller and was the cause for the second wave of feminism in the 60s. Feb. 4th, 1921- Feb. 4th, 2006

7. The problem that has no name–which is simply the fact that American women are kept from growing to their full human capacities–is taking a far greater toll on the physical and mental health of our country than any known disease. -- Betty Friedan

8. Shirley Chisholm • In 1968 Shirley Chisholm of New York was the first black woman elected to the House of Representatives. November 30, 1924 to January 1, 2005

9. First national Commission on the Status of Women • President Kennedyestablished the firstnational Commissionon the Status of Women in 1961. • In 1963 the commission issued a report detailing employment discrimination, unequal pay, legal inequality, and insufficient support services for working women.

10. Equal Pay Act 1963 • It is the first federal law prohibiting sexual discrimination. • In 1963 the average female worker’s wages in the United States were equivalent to 58.9 % of the average male worker’s earnings. • It abolished wage differences based on sex. • “No employer having employees subject to any provisions of this section [section 206 of title 29 of the United States Code] shall discriminate, within any establishment in which such employees are employed, between employees on the basis of sex by paying wages to employees in such establishment at a rate less than the rate at which he pays wages to employees of the opposite sex in such establishment for equal work on jobs…” -- Equal Pay Act

11. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Passed in 1964. • It banned discrimination on the basis of color, race, national origin, religion, or sex. • Section VII set up the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to enforce the act.

12. Presidential Executive Order 11246 • It was signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson on September 24th, 1965 • It prohibited bias against women in hiring by federal government contractors. • “…Prohibits federal contractors and federally assisted construction contractors and subcontractors, who do over $10,000 in Government business in one year from discriminating in employment decisions on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin."

13. Civil Rights for Mexican Americans • At the same time blacks were working toward civil rights, Mexican Americans fought for rights too • 1948 Mexican American veterans of WWII formed the American GI Forum that fought against discrimination • In the same year as Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Mexican Americans won a victory in Hernández v. Texas which made it illegal to exclude Mexican Americans from juries http://image.pbs.org/video-assets/pbs/american-experience/105062/images/Mezzanine_067.jpg.fit.344x192.jpg

14. Chávez and the UFW • 1966 – Chávez helped to form the United Farm Workers Union to win higher wages and better working conditions for migrant workers of America • Like MLK Chávez was for nonviolent protest • Boycott of California grapes led to a 1970 agreement of growers to recognize the UFW • 1975 – voting rights expanded to accommodate areas with large numbers of foreign speaking people to have bilingual elections • This was extended to public schools too http://img1.imagesbn.com/p/9780313334528_p0_v1_s260x420.JPG

15. Organizing for Change • Native Americans formed the American Indian Movement (AIM) in the 1960’s to regain land, mineral, and water rights from the past • Older Americans over 65 were having trouble paying for health care and insurance so the American Association of Retired People (AARP) was formed • Maggie Kuhn helped form the Gray Panthers to fight against mandatory retirement for people over 65 • Americans with disabilities fought to get reserved parking, ramped entrances, wheelchair lifts on busses, and Braille buttons on elevators • The Education for Handicapped Act of 1975 give free education for all children with disabilities http://singyoursongthemovie.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/19935911american-indian-movement-png.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/50/Maggie_Kuhn.jpg http://www.deque.com/wp13/wp-content/dquploads/accessible.jpg

16. Works Cited • "1960s." Women of the Century. 2006. Discovery Channel. 1 June 2007 <http://school.discovery.com/schooladventures/womenofthecentury/decade bydecade/1960s.html>. • Bachir, John J. Betty Friedan. 2006. JJB Blog. 4 June 2007 <http://blog.johnjosephbachir.org/tag/freedom>. • "Betty Friedan." Women of the Hall. 1993. National Women's Hall of Fame. 4 June 2007 <http://www.greatwomen.org/women.php?action=viewone&id=62>. • Chapin. "Two's Company, Three's a Crowd." Cartoon. Literary Digest. 6 June 2007<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Two%27s_Company%2C_Three% 27s_a Crowd.jpg>. • "Chisholm, Shirley Anita." Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2005. 7 June 2007<http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay. pl?index=C000371>. • Eisenberg, Bonnie, and Mary Ruthsdotter. "Living the Legacy: the Women's Rights Movement 1848 - 1998." Women's Rights Movement. 1998. 5 June 2007 <http://www.legacy98.org/move-hist.html>.

17. Works Cited Cont • "Equal Rights Amendment." National Organization of Women. 2007. NOW. 19 May 2007 <http://www.now.org/issues/economic/eratext.html>. • "NOW." National Organization for Women. 4 June 2007 <http://www.now.org/>. • "The Equal Pay Act of 1963." Essortment. 2002. 5 June 2007 <http://nc.essortment.com/equalpayact_rvwx.htm>. • Tranter, John. Mother, NéE Anne Katherine Brown, Circa 1920. 1920. Australia. JohnTrater.com. 31 May 2007<http://johntranter.com/interviewed/2001lilley .php>. • "Women’S Rights." Encarta. 2007. MSN. 1 June 2007 <http://encarta.msn.com/ encyclopedia_761574034_2/Women’s_Rights.html>.