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Needs

Needs. The basic elements that humans require to survive Food Water Shelter Health. Wants. Things that people desire, regardless of whether the desired object contributes to their survival. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Motives of Successful Nations.

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Needs

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  1. Needs The basic elements that humans require to survive • Food • Water • Shelter • Health

  2. Wants Things that people desire, regardless of whether the desired object contributes to their survival

  3. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

  4. Motives of Successful Nations Nations and nation-states are motivated by needs and wants just as individuals are These needs and wants overlap Successful nations and nation-states are often motivated to serve the people by providing economic stability, peace and security, self-determination and humanitarian activities

  5. Economic Stability Individuals worry about their ability to support their families, while nations worry about their ability to support their citizens When people are worried about this, they are motivated to find good jobs, which usually means getting proper educational qualifications to do the jobs required High employment is a leading factor in economic stability

  6. Peace and Stability People who live in countries where they do not feel safe are also more unlikely to get an education or hold down a job They also tend to oppose their government more Nations are also concerned about safety, and take steps both collectively and individually to ensure safety Example of Collective Security: NATO Example of Individual Security: Security in federal government buildings

  7. Self-Determination Individuals as well as nations want the right to decide for themselves who they will be friends with Canada gained this right when they signed the Statute of Westminster in 1931 and was then able to control her own foreign affairs

  8. Humanitarianism People are motivated to help others in times of crisis or if those people are less fortunate than themselves, even if they don’t know the people personally Many nations try to give humanitarian aid to other nations during times of crisis

  9. Foreign Policy Countries react to and with other countries differently, depending on the circumstances and countries involved Some foreign policies or responses include: • Isolationism • Unilateralism • Bilateralism • Multilateralism • Supernationalism

  10. Isolationism A policy whereby a country completely opts out of participating in international social, economic, political and military affairs Example: • Japan until 1854 • Switzerland is neutral in military affairs • The USA pre- and post-WWI

  11. Unilateralism The policy of a country responding to events on its own without agreements with, or support from, other countries Sometimes acting unilaterally works well – as in disarming after the Cold War

  12. Bilateralism Agreements between two countries to work toward resolving issues that concern both countries Example: Canada and the US have several agreements and policies that have been created jointly on and for issues affecting both countries

  13. Multilateralism A policy that involves several countries working together to meet challenges and solve problems Popular with middle powers as when they unite they are stronger Example: The UN The WTO

  14. Supernationalism A policy by which countries agree to abide by the decisions of an international organization made up of independent appointed officials or representatives elected by member states The European Union is often seen as an example of this because when countries join the EU they give up some control of their own affairs Decisions are made by the majority and are rarely unanimous, but all countries must agree to the decisions once they are made even if they didn’t vote for it

  15. The world has to work together in order to make it function

  16. Internationalism The doctrine that all members of the global community accept collective responsibility for the challenges that face the world Motives of nations and nation-states must be respected in the search for solutions

  17. WHO (That’s THE W.H.O, not “who” from a knock-knock joke) WHO = World Health Organization Established in 1948 as part of the UN The WHO is responsible for coordinating information about diseases that could cause epidemics, nutrition, population planning, sanitation and the health of women and children They are also the ones who raise the pandemic alert levels 1966 – the WHO launched a smallpox vaccination campaign; by the end of the 1970s smallpox had been eradicated

  18. NGOs(Non-governmental organizations) Created by individuals or groups who see a need not being met by governments Examples: Right to Play OXFAM Red Cross

  19. Arctic Council Formed in 1996 by Canada, Denmark and her colonies, Finland, Iceland, Norway, the Russian Federation, Sweden and the US 6 organizations representing indigenous groups who live in the Arctic regions of member states also have seats The priority of this group is protecting the environment and monitoring the effects of climate change

  20. Benefits of Internationalism • Peace and Security • Economic Stability • Indigenous Self-Determination • Humanitarianism

  21. Peace and Security The UN was formed after WWII to promote collective security It is made up of 192 member nations and serves as a forum to discuss disputes, air grievances, and share concerns While it has not prevented all conflict, it has thus far prevented WWIII

  22. Economic Stability The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (now part of the World Bank) and the IMF (International Monetary Fund) were established to help Europe and Asia rebuild after WWII They are still in existence, though their job now is to help developing countries 1947 – The General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) was established; the World Trade Organization (WTO) evolved from this These bodies are somewhat controversial as some see them as being dominated by western countries who are trying to block development to allow for rich western nations to keep getting richer at the developing countries’ expense

  23. Indigenous Self-Determination In 2007, the UN General Assembly passed the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, confirming Indigenous peoples’ rights to self-determination Four countries – Canada, the USA, Australia and New Zealand – voted against it at the time Since then, Australia and New Zealand passed it In November 2010, Canada signed the document as well

  24. Humanitarianism Internationalism ensures that nations react quickly to disasters that afflict other countries Examples:

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