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THE FUNGI

THE FUNGI. YEASTS AND MOLDS THE STUDY OF FUNGI IS CALLED MYCOLOGY DISTRIBUTION – 20 O -30 O C ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE. Nutrition and Growth. VAST MAJORITY ARE SAPROBES ALL ARE CHEMOHETEROTROPHS PREFER AN ACID pH MOST ARE OSMOTOLERANT MOST ARE EITHER AEROBIC OR FACULTATIVE

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THE FUNGI

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  1. THE FUNGI YEASTS AND MOLDS THE STUDY OF FUNGI IS CALLED MYCOLOGY DISTRIBUTION – 20O-30OC ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE

  2. Nutrition and Growth • VAST MAJORITY ARE SAPROBES • ALL ARE CHEMOHETEROTROPHS • PREFER AN ACID pH • MOST ARE OSMOTOLERANT • MOST ARE EITHER AEROBIC OR FACULTATIVE • NUTRITIONAL NEEDS ARE MINIMAL

  3. Basic Structure of the Fungi TYPICALLY EUCARYOTIC UNICELLULAR AND MULTICELLULAR(HYPHA) CELL WALL - CHITIN, CELLULOSE AND OR GLUCANS SEPTA - SEPTATE OR NON-SEPTATE HYPHAE

  4. Classification of the Fungi (Phyla) GROUPINGS BASED ON HABITAT, MORPHOLOGY AND SEXUAL COMPLEXITY 1. ZYGOMYCOTA 2. ASCOMYCOTA 3. BASIDIOMYCOTA 4. DEUTEROMYCOTA

  5. Classification of the Fungi (continue) 1. ZYGOMYCOTA TERRESTRIAL /MAINLY MOLDS REPRODUCES ASEXUALLY BY THE PRODUCTION OF A NON-MOTILE SPORE CALLED A SPORANGIOSPORE REPRODUCE SEXUALLY BY THE PRODUCTION OF A THICK - WALLED ZYGOSPORE RHIZOPUS sp. - NON SEPTATE

  6. Classification of the Fungi (continue) 2. ASCOMYCOTA TERRESTRIAL / YEASTS AND MOLDS REPRODUCES ASEXUALLY BY THE PRODUCTION OF A NON-MOTILE SPORE CALLED A CONIDIOSPORE (CONIDIUM) REPRODUCE SEXUALY BY THE PORDUCTION OF SEXUAL SPORES CALLED ASCOSPORES FORMED WITHIN A SAC CALLED AN ASCUS PENICILLIUM sp. - MOLD - SEPTATE

  7. Classification ASPERGILLUS sp - MOLD - SEPTATE SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE - YEAST REPRODUCE ASEXUALLY BY BUDDING OR BINARY FISSION REPRODUCE SEXUALLY BY THE PRODUCTION OF ASCOSPORES IN AN ASCUS PLANT DISEASES CAUSED BY MEMBERS OF THE ASCOMYCOTA POWDERY MILDEW OF ROSES APPLE SCAB PEACH LEAF CURL

  8. Classification of the Fungi (continue) ERGOT OF RYE - POTENT ALKALOIDS(ERGOTAMINE) SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS CONSTRICTION OF ARTERIES HALLUCINATIONS MYCOTOXINS AFLATOXINS BRAZILIAN PEANUT MEAL EXPORTED TO ENGLAND IN 1960 GRAINS STORED IN SILOS MONITORED

  9. Classification of the Fungi (continue) 3. BASIDIOMYCOTA - MOSTLY MUSHROOMS 4. DEUTEROMYCOTA YEASTS AND MOLDS/SEPTATE TERRESTRIAL NONE EXHIBIT A SEXUAL CYCLE YEASTS REPORDUCE ASEXUALLY BY BUDDING ONLY MOLDS REPRODUCE ASEXUALLY BY THE PRODUCTION OF CONIDIA MORPHOLOGICALLY IDENTICAL TO MEMBERS OF THE ASCOMYCOTA

  10. HUMAN FUNGAL INFECTIONS MOST FUNGI ARE OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS INFECTION IS RARE UNLESS SPECIAL SITUATIONS EXIST WET WARM SPOT FOR EXTENDED TIME IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PERSON MASSIVE SPORE EXPOSURE TWO GROUPS OF FUNGAL INFECTIONS DERMATOMYCOSES CAUSED BY MOLDS CALLED

  11. DERMATOPHYTES

  12. Human Fungal Infection (continue) SUPERFICIAL INFECTIONS OF HAIR, NAILS AND SKIN PRODUCE ENZYMES THAT DIGEST KERATIN ALL MEMBERS OF THE DEUTEROMYCOTA MEDICAL NAMES USE TWO WORDS - TINEA FOLLOWED BY THE AFFECTED REGION TINEA PEDIS, TINEA CRURIS, TINEA CAPITUS

  13. DERMATOPHYTES BELONG TO THREE GENERA OF FUNGI TRICHOPHYTON, MICROSPORIUM, AND EPIDERMOPHYTON TREATMENT-GRISEOFULVIN, NYSTATIN SYSTEMIC MYCOSES FOUND TROUGHOUT PHYLA (YEASTS AND MOLDS) CAN INFECT DEEPER TISSUES THAN DERMATOPHYTES; KILL INITIAL INFECTION THROUGH RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OR BREAK IN SKIN MOST ARE DIMORPHIC 1. 37o C YEAST STAGE IN BODY 2. RT FILAMENTOUS STAGE ON LAB MEDIA AND IN ENVIRONMENT

  14. MOST ARE GEOGRAPHICALLY DISTRIBUTED DISEASES – MOLDS(6) 1. PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA CAUSED BY PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII (JIROVECI) 2. SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY FEVER CAUSED BY COCCIDIOIDES IMITIS 3. HISTOPLASMOSIS CAUSED BY HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM

  15. PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA

  16. SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY FEVER (COCCI)

  17. HISTOPLASMOSIS

  18. 4. BLASTOMYCOSIS CAUSED BY BLASTOMYCES DERMATITIDIS 5. MUCORMYCOSIS CAUSED BY MUCOR sp 6. ASPERGILLOSIS CAUSED BY ASPERGILLUS sp DISEASES - YEASTS 1. CANDIDIASIS CAUSED BY CANDIDA sp

  19. 2. CRYPTOCOCCOSIS CAUSED BY CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS TREATMENT - AMPHOTERICIN B, KETOCONAZOLE, OR FLUCONAZOLE

  20. THE LICHENS MUTUALISTIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A FUNGUS AND A PHOTOTROPHIC ORGANISM USUALLY CYANOBACTERIA OR AN ALGA

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