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Unit 7

Unit 7. The Urinary System. Essential Questions. What are the functions of the kidney? How is urine formed and what are the components of urine? How does what we ingest have an effect on our urine? What role does ADH play in urine formation?. Day 1. Required Readings: 16.1, 16.2

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Unit 7

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  1. Unit 7 The Urinary System

  2. Essential Questions • What are the functions of the kidney? • How is urine formed and what are the components of urine? • How does what we ingest have an effect on our urine? • What role does ADH play in urine formation?

  3. Day 1 • Required Readings: • 16.1, 16.2 • Learning Objectives: • Identify the organs of the urinary system and describe their general functions • Describe the structure and blood supply of the kidney • Describe the structure and functions of a nephron • Compare filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion • Explain how urine is formed

  4. Starter • Bozeman Video: Osmoregulation • What is the difference between an osmoconformer and an osmoregulator? • How are salt water and fresh water fish’s urine different? • What is/are: • Nephrons • Loop of Henle • Glomerulus • Collecting duct • Time: 20 minutes

  5. Activity 1 • What are the 3 functions of the kidney? • Write a poem that outlines the functions of the kidney • Time: 20 minutes

  6. Activity 2 • On poster paper, draw a picture of a nephron and include the following structures: • Glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, descending limb, ascending limb, collecting duct, loop of Henle • On the ascending limb, descending limb, and collecting duct, include the following: • Where water is absorbed/secreted • Where salt is absorbed/secreted • Time: 40 minutes

  7. Closing • Why is water removed in the descending limb only to be reabsorbed in the ascending limb? • Which hormone is responsible in urine production? • How does urine production alter with the consumption of the following: • Caffeine • Alcohol • Excess water • Not enough water?

  8. Day 2 • Required Readings: • Kidney Dissection • Learning Objectives: • To identify the structures and functions of the structures of the kidney • To determine the fate of a soda molecule

  9. Starter • Label the following parts on the kidney and nephron: • Time: 10 minutes

  10. Answers • Kidney • 1) Renal cortex • 2) Renal medulla • 3) Renal pelvis (minor/major calyx) • 4) Nephron • 5) Ureter • Nephron • A) Glomerulus • B) Descending limb • C) Loop of Henle • D) Ascending Limb • E) Collecting Duct

  11. Activity 1 • Kidney dissection • Read through the instructions and dissect with your group • Clean up when you are finished • Time: 30 minutes

  12. Activity 2 • Using the powerpoint slides as a guide, write a story explaining what happens to a coke when you drink it • Use a diagram to help aid your explanation • Time: 20 minutes

  13. Homework • Complete your story – Due February 11

  14. Day 3 • Required Readings: • 16.3 • Learning Objectives: • Explain how water and electrolyte balance and pH balance are maintained in body fluids • Explain how nitrogenous wastes are kept within normal limits in body fluids

  15. Starter • The following four hormones act on the kidneys: • Aldosterone • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) • Atrialnatriuretic hormone (ANH) • Parathyroid hormone • What is the function of these hormones? • Where do the hormones come from? • Time: 15 minutes

  16. Activity 1 • Read through “The 2000-Meter Row: A Case in Homeostasis” with your group • For the questions, there are 2 systems we haven’t talked about yet (nervous, endocrine), but try your best to incorporate those systems into your answers • The hormones you can talk about are the 4 that act on the kidneys as well as epinephrine (adrenaline) • Time: 30 minutes

  17. Activity 2 • You will be assigned numbers 1-4 • Move to your new group and discuss what was happening physiologically to Jim during his 2000m race • Time: 15 minutes

  18. Activity 3 • Create a poster for the athletes at TASOK explaining the importance water intake • Everyone will create one • Ideas to get you started: • How does dehydration negatively effect their performance? • What are some long-term effects of dehydration • What are good drinks to have during and after exercise? (Think: electrolyte balance) • What advantage would monitoring their pee have? How should it look? • Time: 30 minutes

  19. Closing & Homework • What hormones act on the kidneys and what are their functions? • How does water intake effect an athlete’s performance? • Homework: • Coke story • Water poster • Read 16.4, 16.5

  20. Day 4 • Required Readings: • 16.4, 16.5 • Learning Objectives: • Describe the structure and function of the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra • Describe the control of micturition • Indicate the normal components of urine

  21. Starter • What are the components in urine? • What components would be a concern if they were found in the urine? • What could a potential diagnosis be if these components are found in the urine? • Time: 10 minutes

  22. Activity 1 • Create a model of the structures involved in micturition • The model should be a working model that shows what happens when urine enters the bladder • i.e. How much urine can the bladder hold? • What happens when urine accumulates in the bladder? • Time: 20 minutes

  23. Activity 2 • Complete Lab 1: Urinalysis • You will need a hot plate, test tubes, test tube rack, and test tube tongs • Put everything you used that needs to be washed in the sink after • Please put the dissecting pans, dissecting kits and stopwatches back in your lab bench when completed • Time: 45 minutes

  24. Closing • What could the presence of glucose indicate? • What could the presence of protein indicate?

  25. Homework • Complete Lab 1: Urinalysis • Due February 17

  26. Day 5 • Required Readings: • Modeling Kidney Function • Learning Objectives: • Investigate the function of a human kidney by constructing a model • Understand the mechanism of urine formation in the kidney • Observe osmosis as it relates to kidney filtration • Relate kidney function to homeostasis

  27. Starter • What is the function of kidneys with regards to waste materials and blood composition? • How do the kidneys help maintain homeostasis of body fluids? • Time: 10 minutes

  28. Activity 1 • Describe the flow of urine and what happens in each of the following structures: • Nephron • Ureter • Ascending tubule • Bowman’s capsule • Bladder • Collecting duct • Glomerulus • Descending tubule • Urethra • Time: 20 minutes

  29. Activity 2 • Read through “Modeling Kidney Function” with your group • Explain to me what you are going to do before you begin • Clean-up when complete • Time: 30 minutes

  30. Activity 3 • “Going Further” • Work with your group in the computer lab to complete the first paragraph in this section • Time: 25 minutes

  31. Homework • Urinalysis Lab • Modeling Kidney Function • “Going Further”

  32. Day 6 • Required Readings: • Urinalysis Lab • Learning Objectives: • Analyze urine samples for colour, pH, glucose, protein, and specific gravity • Use data collected from the tests to determine potential causes of abnormal results

  33. Starter • Answer the pre-lab questions on S-2 of your lab packet • Time: 15 minutes

  34. Activity 1 • Read through “Activity 2” that starts on page S-6 • Each student will test their own urine and answer the lab questions (1-3) for their own sample • Create a data table to hand in with your answers • Time: 10 minutes

  35. Activity 2 • Obtain a sample of your urine to test • You do not need to fill the cup completely – you only need ~25mL • Complete the tests for your sample • Clean up when complete • Throw anything that has touched your urine into the bin (pipettes, cups, paper towel, glucose strips, etc.) • Time: 45 minutes

  36. Closing • What could the following indicate if found in urine? • High pH • Glucose • Protein • Time: 5 minutes

  37. Homework • Complete your urinalysis lab questions if you did not complete them in class

  38. Day 7 • Required Readings: • 16.6 • Learning Objectives: • Describe the common disorders of the urinary system

  39. Activity 1 • Choose any 3 of the following disorders to research: • Kidney stone, chronic kidney disease, urinary tract infection (UTI), hematuria, kidney disease, urinary incontinence • Present your findings to me in any way you choose, for example: • Powerpoint, Table/chart, Venn diagram, Poem, Song, Comic Strip, Diagram, Flow chart, etc. • What to include: • Cause(s) • Signs & Symptoms • Treatments • Statistics

  40. Day 8 • Summative assessment

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