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MATTER

MATTER. What is Matter?. Must have mass Occupies space (has volume ). Density. Because all matter has mass and volume, all matter has density. D = M V. Law of Conservation of Matter. Matter cannot be created or destroyed.

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MATTER

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  1. MATTER

  2. What is Matter? • Must have mass • Occupies space (has volume)

  3. Density • Because all matter has mass and volume, all matter has density. D = M V

  4. Law of Conservation of Matter • Matter cannot be created or destroyed

  5. When 400 grams of wood are burned only about 30 grams of ash remain. • What happened to the missing matter?

  6. During a chemical reaction matter is conserved

  7. States of Matter • Matter can exist in three basic states: • Solid (s) • Liquid (l) • Gas (g)

  8. A Fourth State of Matter? • Plasma • Occurs when the atoms of matter have been stripped of their electrons.

  9. Basic Types of Matter

  10. Pure Substances

  11. Elements

  12. Elements • Made up of atoms of one specific type • Cannot be broken down further by a chemical reaction • Have specific physical and chemical properties.

  13. The Periodic Table of Elements • Each element has its own atomic number • Atomic number tells us the number of protons in that elements nucleus.

  14. Examples of Elements

  15. What elements can you find in the classroom now?

  16. What elements are important in the food we eat?

  17. Where Do We Get Elements? • Obtained in nature in their pure state.

  18. Some elements are combined together in compounds and are separated out through chemical reactions.

  19. Some elements don’t exist naturally, and are man-made through nuclear bombardment reactions

  20. Elements and Their Symbols • Elements have either one or two letters when they are written as a symbol. • If two letters, the second letter is written lower case. (Ex: Write Cu for copper not CU)

  21. Usually it is pretty easy to match an element to its symbol (Ex: Neon = Ne) • Sometimes the symbol is derived from a Latin name for the element. • Ex: Au = gold (comes from Latin word aurum)

  22. Here are some of the harder elements to match their name to their symbol. Na = sodium K = potassium Fe = iron Cu = copper Sb = antimony Sn = tin Pb = lead Hg = mercury W = tungstun Au = gold Ag = silver Tricky Elements

  23. Phases and Elements • Under standard conditions, most elements exist as solids. • The Gases: • H, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn, O, F, Cl • The Liquids: • Hg, Br

  24. Diatomic Elements • Two atoms of the same element joined • Bromine, Iodine, Nitrogen, Chlorine, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine • BrINClHOF

  25. Compounds

  26. Compounds • Most elements in nature do not exist in their pure state, but in compounds. Compound = Two or more different elements bonded together chemically Ex: C6H12O6, MgCl2, CH4, NO2, CO2, NaCl

  27. Law of Definite Proportions • Elements in compounds have definite fixed proportions by mass.

  28. Getting New Properties • Compounds have different chemical and physical properties than the elements that make them up.

  29. - Sodium (Na) Toxic, reactive metal that will explode in water - Chlorine (Cl) Brown toxic gas that was used as a chemical weapon to kill people in WWI Sodium Chloride (NaCl) White edible crystal, and salt for my french fries!!

  30. Focus Question • What are the differences between elements and compounds?

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